Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary.
University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020 Nov;67(6):2602-2608. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13608. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
Goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV, or Anser anser polyomavirus 1) is a small dsDNA virus of the Polyomaviridae family. The virus infects the internal organs causing haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese that may be fatal for goslings. In this study, GHPV positivity was examined in goose and duck samples collected in Hungary between 2005 and 2019. In this period, 384 of the investigated 1,111 specimens were diagnosed as GHPV-positive by PCR assay. Twenty-two GHPV genomes were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis. Based on the sequence data, the mean evolutionary rates were estimated 6.57 × 10 -5.82 × 10 s/s/y for both GHPV complete genomes and individual genes, with negative selection acting on each gene. When GHPV VP1 sequences originating from wild birds were also included in the analyses, the nt and aa mutations inflated the substitution rate to 1.54 × 10 s/s/y that may imply adaptation of the virus to novel host species. Our data suggested the co-circulation of various GHPV strains in Hungarian goose farms; the source of these may be persistently infected domesticated or migratory wild birds. Detection and characterization of GHPV in wild birds and domestic waterfowls may help to elaborate new strategies for more effective disease control and prevention.
鹅出血性多瘤病毒（GHPV，或anser anser 多瘤病毒 1）是一种小型 dsDNA 病毒，属于多瘤病毒科。该病毒感染内脏器官，导致鹅出现出血性肾炎和肠炎，可能对小鹅致命。在本研究中，对 2005 年至 2019 年期间在匈牙利采集的鹅和鸭样本进行了 GHPV 阳性检测。在此期间，通过 PCR 检测，对 1111 个样本中的 384 个样本诊断为 GHPV 阳性。对 22 个 GHPV 基因组进行了测序，并进行了系统发育和进化分析。基于序列数据，估计 GHPV 完整基因组和各个基因的平均进化率分别为 6.57×10 -5 至 8.2×10 -5 s/s/y，每个基因都受到负选择作用。当将源自野生鸟类的 GHPV VP1 序列也纳入分析时，nt 和 aa 突变使替代率膨胀至 1.54×10 -5 s/s/y，这可能意味着病毒适应了新的宿主物种。我们的数据表明，各种 GHPV 株在匈牙利鹅养殖场中共同传播；这些病毒株的来源可能是持续感染的家养或迁徙的野生鸟类。在野生鸟类和家养水禽中检测和表征 GHPV 可能有助于制定新的策略，以更有效地控制和预防疾病。
