Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 4;17(9):3192. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093192.
Periodontal diseases are multiperspective problems resulting from numerous and diverse exposures that influence the process of initiation or progression of disease. The negative influence of tobacco smoking on oral health is well documented. The aim of the study was to analyze three SNPs in vitamin D receptor gene-rs7975232 (), rs2228570 () and rs1544410 ()-combined with oral health assessment-pH, gingival index, dry mouth, periodontitis, dry socket, redness of oral cavity mucosa, leukoplakia-in a group of cigarette smokers and in non-smokers. Moreover, the possibility of interactions between these polymorphisms and smoking was examined. When comparing the smokers and non-smokers groups, we noticed that rs1544410 heterozygotes were significantly more frequent in the first group, and for the second, both homozygotes were more frequent. Additionally, we observed the impact of interaction between the rs7975232 genotype and smoking status on gingival index. Current smoking was also associated with all analyzed oral health measures except for leucoplakia. Correlation between pH and age in both smokers and non-smokers was also present. Results of our analysis indicate that in our study group lifestyle and aging were leading factors associated with worse oral health status. However, the impact of genetic variants, and also the impact of their interaction with smoking on analyzed parameters was also visible. These results show great possibilities for all levels of prevention of oral diseases by means of education based on evidence-based medicine, but also for incorporating genetic testing and early interventions into this process for predisposed individuals.
牙周病是由多种和多样的暴露因素引起的多方面问题，这些因素影响着疾病的起始或进展过程。吸烟对口腔健康的负面影响已有充分的记录。本研究的目的是分析维生素 D 受体基因中的三个单核苷酸多态性(rs7975232()、rs2228570()和 rs1544410()与口腔健康评估(pH 值、牙龈指数、口干、牙周炎、干槽症、口腔黏膜发红、口腔白斑)相结合，在一组吸烟者和非吸烟者中进行分析。此外，还检查了这些多态性与吸烟之间相互作用的可能性。在比较吸烟者和非吸烟者两组时，我们注意到 rs1544410 杂合子在第一组中明显更为常见，而对于第二组，纯合子更为常见。此外，我们观察到 rs7975232 基因型与吸烟状态之间相互作用对牙龈指数的影响。除了口腔白斑外，当前吸烟还与所有分析的口腔健康指标有关。在吸烟者和非吸烟者中，pH 值与年龄之间也存在相关性。我们分析的结果表明，在我们的研究组中，生活方式和年龄是与口腔健康状况较差相关的主要因素。然而，遗传变异的影响，以及它们与吸烟的相互作用对分析参数的影响也是显而易见的。这些结果表明，通过基于循证医学的教育，可以为预防口腔疾病的各个层面提供巨大的可能性，还可以将基因检测和早期干预纳入到这一过程中，针对易患病个体。
