Roy Pradip Kumar, Luxa Jan, Sofer Zdeněk
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Nanoscale. 2020 May 21;12(19):10430-10446. doi: 10.1039/d0nr02932g. Epub 2020 May 7.
Pnictogens are an intensively studied group of monoelemental two-dimensional materials. This group of elements consists of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. In this group, the elements adopt two different layered structural allotropes, orthorhombic structure with true van der Waals layered interactions and rhombohedral structure, where covalent interactions between layers are also present. The orthorhombic structure is well known for phosphorus and arsenic, and the rhombohedral structure is the most thermodynamically stable allotropic modification of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Due to the electronic structure of pnictogen layers and their semiconducting character, these materials have huge application potential for electronic devices such as transistors and sensors including photosensitive devices as well as gas and electrochemical sensors. While photodetection and gas sensing applications are often related to lithography processed materials, chemical sensing proceeds in a liquid environment (either aqueous or non-aqueous) and can be influenced by surface oxidation of these materials. In this review, we explore the current state of pnictogen applications in sensing and electronic devices including transistors, photodetectors, gas sensors, and chemical/electrochemical sensors.
氮族元素是一类经过深入研究的单元素二维材料。该族元素包括磷、砷、锑和铋。在这一族中，这些元素呈现出两种不同的层状结构同素异形体，即具有真正范德华层间相互作用的正交结构和菱面体结构，其中层间也存在共价相互作用。正交结构在磷和砷中较为常见，菱面体结构是砷、锑和铋最稳定的热力学同素异形体。由于氮族元素层的电子结构及其半导体特性，这些材料在诸如晶体管和传感器等电子器件方面具有巨大的应用潜力，包括光敏器件以及气体和电化学传感器。虽然光探测和气体传感应用通常与光刻加工材料相关，但化学传感是在液体环境（水性或非水性）中进行的，并且可能会受到这些材料表面氧化的影响。在本综述中，我们探讨了氮族元素在传感和电子器件（包括晶体管、光电探测器、气体传感器以及化学/电化学传感器）中的应用现状。
