Fox R A, Trudeau M D
Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, Columbus.
Phonetica. 1988;45(1):30-42. doi: 10.1159/000261810.
A multidimensional scaling experiment was conducted to determine the perceptual structure of 11 American English vowels produced by a competent esophageal speaker. Estimates of perceptual distance among these vowels were obtained using a 9-point similarity/dissimilarity scale and were analyzed using an individual differences scaling algorithm (INDSCAL). A three-dimensional perceptual space was produced. The three perceptual dimensions corresponded to tongue advancement, vowel height, and rhotacization. These three dimensions were then correlated with selected bark scale transformed acoustic vowel measurements. The perceptual dimensions 1-3 corresponded most closely to F3-F2, F1-F0, and F3, respectively. Little difference was found between the perceptual structure of esophageal vowels and laryngeal vowels, although it is suggested that the correlation between some of the acoustic measures (such as F0) and the perceptual dimensions may change as a function of individual speaker differences due to postsurgical capabilities (anatomical and physiological) and/or method of voice restoration.
进行了一项多维标度实验，以确定一位熟练的食管发声者所发出的11个美式英语元音的感知结构。使用9点相似性/不相似性量表获得这些元音之间的感知距离估计值，并使用个体差异标度算法（INDSCAL）进行分析。生成了一个三维感知空间。这三个感知维度分别对应舌位前伸、元音高度和卷舌化。然后将这三个维度与选定的经巴克标度变换的声学元音测量值进行相关性分析。感知维度1-3分别与F3-F2、F1-F0和F3最为密切相关。尽管有人认为，由于术后能力（解剖学和生理学）和/或嗓音恢复方法的个体差异，一些声学测量值（如F0）与感知维度之间的相关性可能会发生变化，但食管元音和喉元音的感知结构之间差异不大。
