Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 May 7;14(5):e0008114. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008114. eCollection 2020 May.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is distributed worldwide, extending from China to the Middle East and from Mediterranean countries to the sub-Saharan Africa and South America. According to WHO, one million people around the world are suffering from CE with an estimated burden of 183,573 DALYs. The annual monetary burden of the disease due to treatment costs and CE-related livestock losses has been estimated at US$ 3 billion. CE is endemic in all countries within the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO). The region, which includes most of the Middle East and North Africa, is one of the most ancient foci of the domestic cycle of CE and is recognized as one of the major hotspots of CE. There are 22 countries in the EMRO, where about 688 million people are living at risk of CE. In many EMRO countries, little is known about CE epidemiology and transmission. WHO included echinococcosis in a list of 17 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and 12 neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs). Accordingly, different regional offices of WHO organized several initiatives for CE control and prevention. WHO's Western Pacific regional office considered echinococcosis as one of the region's major health topics, and several preventive measures have been implemented in the American region with the support of Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in Argentina, Peru, Uruguay, and Chile. Although CE is endemic in all 22 EMRO countries, surprisingly, CE is absent from the health topics list of diseases and conditions in this region. Therefore, CE clearly requires further attention in the WHO EMRO agenda, and the need for elaboration of specific measures for CE control is becoming apparent in EMRO countries, where substantial collaborations among the member states and WHO EMRO is of paramount importance. Major topics of collaborative activities include training programs and health communication on different aspects of CE control, analysis of CE burden, national and international surveillance and disease registry systems, technical support to promote epidemiological studies for collecting baseline data, cost-benefit analysis of control interventions, and intersectoral cooperation among the agriculture, veterinary, medical, and health sectors.
包虫病（CE）分布于世界各地，从中东延伸至地中海国家、撒哈拉以南非洲和南美洲。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，全球有 100 万人患有包虫病，其残疾调整生命年（DALY）估计为 183573 人年。由于治疗费用和与包虫病相关的牲畜损失，该病每年造成的经济负担估计为 30 亿美元。世界卫生组织东地中海区域办事处（EMRO）的所有成员国都存在包虫病流行。该区域包括中东和北非的大部分地区，是包虫病国内循环最古老的焦点之一，被认为是包虫病的主要热点之一。在 EMRO 有 22 个国家，约 6.88 亿人面临包虫病的风险。在许多 EMRO 国家，人们对包虫病的流行病学和传播知之甚少。世界卫生组织将包虫病列入 17 种被忽视的热带病（NTDs）和 12 种被忽视的人畜共患疾病（NZDs）名单。因此，世界卫生组织的不同区域办事处组织了多项包虫病控制和预防倡议。世界卫生组织西太平洋区域办事处将包虫病视为该区域的主要卫生议题之一，并在泛美卫生组织（PAHO）的支持下，在美洲区域实施了若干预防措施，包括阿根廷、秘鲁、乌拉圭和智利。尽管包虫病在 EMRO 的 22 个成员国中均有流行，但令人惊讶的是，它并未被列入该区域疾病和状况的卫生议题清单。因此，包虫病显然需要在世界卫生组织 EMRO 的议程中得到进一步关注，而且在 EMRO 国家中，制定包虫病控制的具体措施变得越来越重要，成员国之间以及与世界卫生组织 EMRO 的密切合作至关重要。合作活动的主要议题包括不同方面的包虫病控制培训计划和健康宣传、包虫病负担分析、国家和国际监测和疾病登记系统、提供技术支持以促进收集基线数据的流行病学研究、控制干预的成本效益分析以及农业、兽医、医疗和卫生部门之间的部门间合作。
