Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Hawassa, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2020 May 7;20(1):188. doi: 10.1186/s12886-020-01454-5.
Presbyopia is a decline in the amplitude of accommodation with the onset in the age range 40-45 years affecting near visual task performance. As the age of presbyopia onset coincides with productive age, it results in great productivity loss especially in those with high near visual demand like teachers. A maximum near vision potential is essential for teachers in ensuring the quality of education, as most of the students' evaluations and scripts are assessed manually in Ethiopia. The prevalence of unmet need for presbyopia correction among school teachers ranges from 38.5-70.4% worldwide. Though presbyopia is a common ocular condition, there is limited evidence regarding the unmet need for presbyopia correction in Ethiopia as well as in Hawassa city. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of unmet need for presbyopia correction and its associated factors among school teachers in Hawassa city, South Ethiopia.
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among teachers older than 35 years. A simple random sampling technique was used to select participants using name lists as a sampling frame from 69 schools. The participants selected underwent for distance and near visual acuity test. Those with distance visual acuity of 6/12 or worse were refracted before near visual acuity test. Information on the spectacle use and associated factors was obtained using the interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess association between independent variables and the unmet need for presbyopia correction.
A total of 459 study participants were included in the study with a response rate of 95.21%.The unmet need for presbyopia correction was 51.26% (95%CI: 46.7-55.6%). Female gender (AOR = 2.50; 95%CI: 1.51-4.15), age 36-45 (AOR = 4.12; 95%CI: 1.46-11.76), unaware of presbyopia (AOR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.2-4.66) and self-rating of current vision as good (AOR = 3.5; 95%CI: 1.61-7.6) were factors significantly associated with the unmet need for presbyopia.
The burden of unmet need for presbyopia correction is a moderate priority according to the World Health Organization for presbyopia correction services criteria. A school-based presbyopia awareness creation program is important to reduce this huge burden.
远视是一种调节幅度下降的现象，通常在 40-45 岁年龄段出现，会影响近距视觉任务的表现。由于远视的发病年龄与生产年龄相吻合，因此会导致生产力的巨大损失，尤其是在那些对近距视觉需求较高的人群中，如教师。对于教师来说，拥有最大的近视力潜力至关重要，因为在埃塞俄比亚，大多数学生的评估和作业都是手动进行的。全世界范围内，远视未矫正的需求在学校教师中占比 38.5-70.4%。尽管远视是一种常见的眼部疾病，但关于埃塞俄比亚以及霍瓦萨市远视未矫正需求的证据有限。因此，本研究旨在确定霍瓦萨市教师远视未矫正的程度及其相关因素。
本研究为一项以学校为基础的横断面研究，纳入年龄大于 35 岁的教师。采用简单随机抽样技术，从 69 所学校的名单中选择参与者。选择的参与者接受了远距和近距视力测试。远距视力低于 6/12 的人先进行屈光检查，然后再进行近距视力测试。通过访谈员管理的问卷获得有关眼镜使用和相关因素的信息。使用社会科学统计软件包 20 版进行数据分析。采用二项逻辑回归分析评估独立变量与远视未矫正需求之间的关联。
共有 459 名研究参与者纳入研究，应答率为 95.21%。远视未矫正的需求为 51.26%（95%置信区间：46.7-55.6%）。女性（优势比[OR] = 2.50；95%置信区间：1.51-4.15）、年龄 36-45 岁（OR = 4.12；95%置信区间：1.46-11.76）、不了解远视（OR = 2.36；95%置信区间：1.2-4.66）和自我评估当前视力良好（OR = 3.5；95%置信区间：1.61-7.6）是与远视未矫正需求相关的显著因素。
根据世界卫生组织远视矫正服务标准，远视未矫正需求的负担属于中度优先事项。开展基于学校的远视认知计划对于减轻这一巨大负担非常重要。
