Prognostic roles of time to positivity of blood cultures in patients with bacteremia.

The time to positivity (TTP) of blood cultures has been considered a predictor of clinical outcomes for bacteremia. This retrospective study aimed to determine the clinical value of TTP for the prognostic assessment of patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia. A total of 167 adult patients with E.coli bacteremia identified over a 22-month period in a 3500-bed university teaching hospital in China were studied. The standard cut-off TTP was 11 h in the patient cohort. The septic shock occurred in 27.9% of patients with early TTP (⩽11 h) and in 7.1% of those with a prolonged TTP (>11 h) (P = 0.003). The mortality rate was significantly higher for patients in the early than in the late group (17.7% vs. 4.0%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that an early TTP (OR 4.50, 95% CI 1.70-11.93), intensive care unit admission (OR 8.39, 95% CI 2.01-35.14) and neutropenia (OR 4.20, 95% CI 1.55-11.40) were independently associated with septic shock. Likewise, the independent risk factors for mortality of patients were an early TTP (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.04-12.90), intensive care unit admission (OR 6.45; 95% CI 1.14-36.53), a Pittsburgh bacteremia score ⩾2 (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.22-15.47) and a Charlson Comorbidity Index ⩾3 (OR 11.29, 95% CI 2.81-45.39). Overall, a TTP for blood cultures within 11 h appears to be associated with worse outcomes for patients with E.coli bacteremia.