Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.
Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1241:167-194. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-41283-8_10.
Sugar beet is used not only in the sugar production, but also in a wide range of industries including the production of bioethanol as a source of renewable energy, extraction of pectin and production of molasses. The red beetroot has attracted much attention as health-promoting and disease-preventing functional food. The negative effects of environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic ones, significantly decrease the cash crop sugar beet productivity. In this paper, we outline the mechanisms of sugar beet response to biotic and abiotic stresses at the levels of physiological change, the genes' functions, transcription and translation. Regarding the physiological changes, most research has been carried out on salt and drought stress. The functions of genes from sugar beet in response to salt, cold and heavy metal stresses were mainly investigated by transgenic technologies. At the transcriptional level, the transcriptome analysis of sugar beet in response to salt, cold and biotic stresses were conducted by RNA-Seq or SSH methods. At the translational level, more than 800 differentially expressed proteins in response to salt, K/Na ratio, iron deficiency and resupply and heavy metal (zinc) stress were identified by quantitative proteomics techniques. Understanding how sugar beet respond and tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses is important for boosting sugar beet productivity under these challenging conditions. In order to minimize the negative impact of these stresses, studying how the sugar beet has evolved stress coping mechanisms will provide new insights and lead to novel strategies for improving the breeding of stress-resistant sugar beet and other crops.
甜菜不仅用于制糖业，还广泛应用于包括生物乙醇生产在内的多个行业，作为可再生能源的来源，用于提取果胶和生产糖蜜。红甜菜作为具有促进健康和预防疾病功能的功能性食品引起了广泛关注。包括非生物和生物胁迫在内的环境胁迫的负面影响，显著降低了经济作物甜菜的生产力。在本文中，我们概述了甜菜在生理变化、基因功能、转录和翻译水平上对生物和非生物胁迫的反应机制。在生理变化方面，大多数研究都集中在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫上。通过转基因技术主要研究了甜菜基因对盐、冷和重金属胁迫的反应功能。在转录水平上，通过 RNA-Seq 或 SSH 方法对甜菜盐、冷和生物胁迫的转录组进行了分析。在翻译水平上，通过定量蛋白质组学技术鉴定了 800 多种对盐、K/Na 比、缺铁和再供应以及重金属（锌）胁迫有差异表达的蛋白质。了解甜菜如何应对生物和非生物胁迫对于在这些具有挑战性的条件下提高甜菜的生产力非常重要。为了最大限度地减少这些胁迫的负面影响，研究甜菜如何进化出应对胁迫的机制将提供新的见解，并为改良抗胁迫甜菜和其他作物的育种提供新策略。
