Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, UniversitätsAllergieZentrum (UAZ), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2020 Mar;99(S 01):S272-S300. doi: 10.1055/a-1029-6494. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
High-quality treatment of patients suffering from allergies should be a first priority of ENT specialists. In daily routine of otolaryngologists, allergic diseases play a significant role and have to be diagnosed and treated competently. A multitude of guidelines provide a clear corridor for identification of suitable methods. The most important sensitization tests such as skin tests and the determination of specific IgE in the serum lay the foundations of allergy diagnostics. Nasal provocation tests with allergens as most important and most frequently applied allergen provocation tests can be performed especially by highly qualified ENT specialists. They allow the determination of the clinical relevance of single allergens.Beside pharmacotherapy and avoidance of allergens, the allergen-specific immunotherapy has a central position in the treatment of allergy diseases. Also in this context, correct indication and targeted selection of the pharmaceutics lead to an increased treatment quality.In particular complex or severe allergic diseases require specialized and even highly specialized treatment. In Germany, structured requirements for establishing Comprehensive Allergy Centers have been developed. The involvement of otolaryngology in the further development of such centers should be improved.Sound allergy education and training are the basis for competence and quality of the treatment of allergy patients. In medical studies, allergology is currently underrepresented. In specialization, some basic aspects of allergies are taken into account. The medical education for the additional specialization in allergology is currently changing; it is intended to be simplified but this might lead to devaluation. A full speciality of allergology does currently not exist in Germany.In particular in the areas of allergy training, allergy research, and in the cooperation of ENT specialists in highly specialized allergy centers, an enormous potential for improvement is seen for the discipline of otolaryngology.
高质量地治疗过敏患者应成为耳鼻喉科专家的首要任务。在耳鼻喉科医生的日常工作中，过敏疾病起着重要作用，必须进行专业的诊断和治疗。大量的指南为确定合适的方法提供了明确的指导。最重要的过敏原致敏试验，如皮肤试验和血清特异性 IgE 的测定，为过敏诊断奠定了基础。鼻腔激发试验作为最重要和最常用的过敏原激发试验，尤其可以由高素质的耳鼻喉科专家进行。它们可以确定单个过敏原的临床相关性。除了药物治疗和避免过敏原外，过敏原特异性免疫疗法在过敏疾病的治疗中具有核心地位。在这种情况下，正确的适应症和靶向选择药物也可以提高治疗质量。特别是复杂或严重的过敏疾病需要专门甚至高度专业化的治疗。在德国，已经制定了建立综合过敏中心的结构化要求。耳鼻喉科应该在这些中心的进一步发展中发挥更大的作用。良好的过敏教育和培训是治疗过敏患者的能力和质量的基础。在医学研究中，过敏学目前的代表性不足。在专业培训中，一些过敏的基本方面也会被考虑到。目前，过敏学的附加专业医学教育正在发生变化；其目的是简化，但这可能导致贬值。目前，德国不存在完整的过敏学专业。耳鼻喉科尤其在过敏培训、过敏研究以及耳鼻喉科专家在高度专业化过敏中心的合作方面，具有巨大的改进潜力。
