Douglass Jo A, O'Hehir Robyn E
Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Med J Aust. 2006 Aug 21;185(4):228-33. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00539.x.
Allergy is defined as an immune-mediated inflammatory response to common environmental allergens that are otherwise harmless. The diagnosis of allergy is dependent on a history of symptoms on exposure to an allergen together with the detection of allergen-specific IgE. The detection of allergen-specific IgE may be reliably performed by blood specific testing or skin prick testing. Skin prick testing is not without its attendant risks, and appropriate precautions need to be taken. A doctor should be present for safety and test interpretation. Accurate diagnosis of allergies opens up therapeutic options that are otherwise not appropriate, such as allergen immunotherapy and allergen avoidance. Allergen immunotherapy is an effective treatment for stinging insect allergy, allergic rhinitis and asthma. The most effective methods for primary prevention of allergic disease in children that can currently be recommended are breastfeeding and ceasing smoking. Emerging trends in allergen treatment include sublingual immunotherapy.
过敏被定义为对通常无害的常见环境过敏原的免疫介导炎症反应。过敏的诊断取决于接触过敏原时的症状史以及过敏原特异性IgE的检测。过敏原特异性IgE的检测可通过血液特异性检测或皮肤点刺试验可靠地进行。皮肤点刺试验并非没有相关风险，需要采取适当的预防措施。为了安全和进行试验解读，应有医生在场。准确诊断过敏会带来其他情况下不适用的治疗选择，如过敏原免疫疗法和避免接触过敏原。过敏原免疫疗法是治疗蜂蛰过敏、过敏性鼻炎和哮喘的有效方法。目前可推荐的预防儿童过敏性疾病的最有效主要方法是母乳喂养和戒烟。过敏原治疗的新趋势包括舌下免疫疗法。
