Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Lipids Health Dis. 2020 May 8;19(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12944-020-01214-w.
Previous studies have yielded inconsistent findings on the role of fish oil in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We systematically summarized the available evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT) and aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels among patients with T2DM.
A comprehensive literature search was performed in electronic databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang) to identify all relevant RCTs which were published up to May 31st, 2019. We used Modified Jadad Score system to evaluate the quality of each included RCT. The pooled effects were estimated using random-effects model and presented as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.
A total of 12 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in glucose control outcomes comparing fish oil supplementation to placebo. The effect size of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was 0.13 (95% CI: - 0.03 to 0.28, p > 0.05). No marked change was observed in fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels. Fish oil supplementation was associated with a decrease of triglyceride (TG) level by - 0.40 (95%CI: - 0.53 to - 0.28, p < 0.05), and an increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level by 0.21 (95%CI: 0.05 to 0.37, p < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, HDL cholesterol level was higher among Asian and low-dose(< 2 g/d n-3 PUFA) subgroups compared to their counterparts (p < 0.05). TG level was lower in mid and long duration groups, along with an inconspicuous difference in short duration group.
This meta-analysis shows that among patients with T2DM, fish oil supplementation leads to a favorable blood lipids profile but does not improve glucose control.
先前的研究在鱼油对 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的作用方面得出了不一致的结果。我们系统地总结了来自随机对照试验（RCT）的现有证据，旨在研究鱼油补充剂对 T2DM 患者血糖控制和血脂水平的影响。
在电子数据库（PubMed、ProQuest、Cochrane 图书馆、CNKI、VIP 和万方）中进行了全面的文献检索，以确定截至 2019 年 5 月 31 日发表的所有相关 RCT。我们使用改良 Jadad 评分系统来评估每个纳入 RCT 的质量。使用随机效应模型估计汇总效应，并以标准化均数差值及其 95%置信区间表示。
共有 12 项 RCT 纳入本荟萃分析。与安慰剂相比，鱼油补充剂对血糖控制结果没有显著差异。空腹血糖（FPG）的效应量为 0.13（95%CI：-0.03 至 0.28，p>0.05）。空腹胰岛素（FINS）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和胰岛素抵抗的 HOMA （HOMA-IR）水平没有明显变化。鱼油补充剂与降低甘油三酯（TG）水平有关，降低幅度为-0.40（95%CI：-0.53 至-0.28，p<0.05），并使高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇水平升高 0.21（95%CI：0.05 至 0.37，p<0.05）。在亚组分析中，与对照组相比，亚洲人和低剂量（<2g/d n-3PUFA）亚组的 HDL 胆固醇水平更高（p<0.05）。TG 水平在中、长疗程组较低，而短疗程组则没有明显差异。
本荟萃分析表明，在 T2DM 患者中，鱼油补充剂可改善血脂谱，但不能改善血糖控制。
