颜色视觉分类——比较 CAD 和 CIE 143:2001 交通用颜色视觉要求国际建议。

Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Norwegian Armed Forces, Joint Medical Services, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Bergen, Norway.

Naval Medical Center San Diego, Navy Refractive Surgery Center, San Diego, CA, USA.

Acta Ophthalmol. 2020 Nov;98(7):726-735. doi: 10.1111/aos.14450. Epub 2020 May 8.

PURPOSE

To evaluate the colour vision severity classification standard 'CIE 143:2001 International recommendations for colour vision requirements in transport' (CIE 143:2001), which has become out of date because of the lack of commercial availability of required colour vision tests.

METHODS

One-hundred-five subjects had colour vision tested and colour vision severity classified according to a modified CIE 143:2001 algorithm that included pseudoisochromatic plates (Ishihara's test and Hardy Rand Rittler (HRR) 4th edition), Optec 900 lantern and Farnsworth D-15. Subject's results and colour vision severity classification were compared to performance and colour vision severity classification on the computerized 'Colour Assessment and Diagnosis' (CAD) test.

RESULTS

According to CIE 143:2001, using Ishihara's test, Optec lantern and Farnsworth D 15, 11 subjects (10%) were category I (normal), 16 (15%) were category II (mild), 48 (46%) were category III (poor), and 30 (29%) were category IV (severe). Classified by CAD score, 10 (10%) were category I, 11 (10%) were category II, 41 (39%) were category III, and 43 (41%) were category IV. The correlation between the two estimates of the severity of colour vision loss (i.e. CIE 143:2001 and CAD) was high, with a Kendall's Tau test of 0.81 (τ = 0.81 p < 0.001). A suggested CIE 143:2001 classification including new CAD score limits improves the classification correlation to 0.90 (τ = 0.90 p < 0.001) for all diagnoses.

CONCLUSION

The colour vision severity classification standard 'CIE 143:2001 International recommendations for colour vision requirements in transport', has not implemented new diagnostic tools with better accuracy. We propose three possible revisions to the CIE 143:2001 algorithm, based on the availability of CAD: (1) Replacing the current CIE 143:2001 algorithm using new CAD threshold limits, (2) Use of CAD as a secondary test to Ishihara's test and HRR or (3) Revising the current CIE 143:2001 algorithm using Ishihara's test, HRR, Optec 900 and FD15.

目的

评估颜色视觉严重程度分类标准“CIE 143:2001 年运输颜色视觉要求国际建议”（CIE 143:2001），由于缺乏所需的颜色视觉测试的商业可用性，该标准已经过时。

方法

对 105 名受试者进行颜色视觉测试，并根据修改后的 CIE 143:2001 算法对颜色视觉严重程度进行分类，该算法包括假同色板（石原氏测试和哈迪兰德·里特勒（HRR）第 4 版）、Optec 900 信号灯和 Farnsworth D-15。将受试者的结果和颜色视觉严重程度分类与计算机化的“颜色评估和诊断”（CAD）测试的性能和颜色视觉严重程度分类进行比较。

结果

根据 CIE 143:2001，使用石原氏测试、Optec 信号灯和 Farnsworth D15，11 名受试者（10%）为第 I 类（正常），16 名受试者（15%）为第 II 类（轻度），48 名受试者（46%）为第 III 类（差），30 名受试者（29%）为第 IV 类（严重）。根据 CAD 评分分类，10 名受试者（10%）为第 I 类，11 名受试者（10%）为第 II 类，41 名受试者（39%）为第 III 类，43 名受试者（41%）为第 IV 类。两种颜色视觉损失严重程度估计（即 CIE 143:2001 和 CAD）之间的相关性很高，Kendall's Tau 检验为 0.81（τ=0.81，p<0.001）。建议的 CIE 143:2001 分类包括新的 CAD 评分限制，将所有诊断的分类相关性提高到 0.90（τ=0.90，p<0.001）。

结论

颜色视觉严重程度分类标准“CIE 143:2001 年运输颜色视觉要求国际建议”没有采用新的、准确性更高的诊断工具。我们提出了三种可能的 CIE 143:2001 算法修订，基于 CAD 的可用性：（1）使用新的 CAD 阈值限制替换当前的 CIE 143:2001 算法，（2）将 CAD 用作石原氏测试和 HRR 的辅助测试，或（3）使用石原氏测试、HRR、Optec 900 和 FD15 修改当前的 CIE 143:2001 算法。