Proserpio Paola, Terzaghi Michele, Manni Raffaele, Nobili Lino
Department of Neuroscience, Centre of Sleep Medicine, Centre for Epilepsy Surgery, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, Milan 3-20162, Italy.
Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, Pavia 2-27100, Italy.
Sleep Med Clin. 2020 Jun;15(2):289-300. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.02.014.
Patient education and behavioral management represent the first treatment approaches to the patient with parasomnia, especially in case of disorders of arousal (DOA). A pharmacologic treatment of DOA may be useful when episodes are frequent and persist despite resolution of predisposing factors, are associated with a high risk of injury, or cause significant impairment, such as excessive sleepiness. Approved drugs for DOA are still lacking. The most commonly used medications are benzodiazepines and antidepressants. The pharmacologic treatment of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is symptomatic, and the most commonly used drugs are clonazepam and melatonin.
患者教育和行为管理是针对患有异态睡眠的患者的首要治疗方法，尤其是在觉醒障碍（DOA）的情况下。当发作频繁且尽管诱发因素已消除仍持续存在、与高受伤风险相关或导致严重损害（如过度嗜睡）时，DOA的药物治疗可能会有所帮助。目前仍缺乏获批用于DOA的药物。最常用的药物是苯二氮䓬类药物和抗抑郁药。快速眼动睡眠行为障碍的药物治疗是对症治疗，最常用的药物是氯硝西泮和褪黑素。
