McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (MCIN), Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Centro Internazionale dei disturbi di apprendimento, attenzione e iperattività, (CIDAAI), Milano 20125, Italy.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2020 Jul;153:135-147. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.021. Epub 2020 May 5.
Previous studies conducted on subjects with dysphonetic dyslexia (DD) reported inefficient timing integration of information from various brain areas. This dysregulation has been referred as neuronal dyschronia or timing deficiency. The present study examines the effective brain connectivity in Dysphonetic Dyslexic subjects (DD) compared to a group of subjects with non-specific reading delay (NSRD). The hypothesis is that the timing defect should be reflected also in the effective connectivity and the subjects with developmental dyslexia have an altered information flow different from the group of children with non-specific reading delay. The quantitative EEG at the sources of 184 children with DD was compared with that of 43 children with NRSD. The Isolated Effective Coherence (iCoh) was calculated among 17 brain regions data driven selected. To assess statistical differences in the EEG connectivity between the two groups, a Linear Mixed Effect (LME) model was applied. Two very important areas perform as hubs in the information flow: one is the left calcarine sulcus, which is more active in the DD group. The second is the left rolandic operculum, which is more active in the NSRD group. In the DD group, the calcarine sulcus is sending information to the right postcentral gyrus, the left paracentral gyrus, the right angular gyrus and the right supplementary motor area. This flow of information occurs in almost all frequency bands, including delta and theta band. Slow connections may indicate less efficient or even pathological information flow. We consider this as a neurophysiological evidence of Boder's model of dyslexia.
先前对发音困难性诵读困难症（DD）患者进行的研究报告称，他们无法有效地整合来自不同大脑区域的信息。这种失调被称为神经元计时紊乱或计时缺陷。本研究旨在比较发音困难性诵读困难症（DD）患者与非特异性阅读延迟（NRSD）患者的有效大脑连接。假设是，计时缺陷也应该反映在有效连接中，且发展性诵读困难症患者的信息流与非特异性阅读延迟儿童群体的不同。对 184 名 DD 儿童和 43 名 NRSD 儿童的 184 个源点进行定量脑电图（qEEG）比较。通过数据驱动选择的 17 个脑区计算出隔离有效相干（iCoh）。为了评估两组间 EEG 连接的统计差异，应用了线性混合效应（LME）模型。有两个非常重要的区域作为信息流的枢纽：一个是左侧距状裂，在 DD 组中更为活跃；另一个是左侧 Rolandic 回盖，在 NSRD 组中更为活跃。在 DD 组中，距状裂将信息发送到右侧中央后回、左侧旁中央回、右侧角回和右侧辅助运动区。这种信息流几乎出现在所有频带中，包括 delta 和 theta 频带。慢连接可能表明信息传递效率较低，甚至存在病理状态。我们认为这是博德尔诵读困难症模型的神经生理学证据。
