Academy of Healthcare, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Intervict, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
CentERdata, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Tilburg University's Network on Health and Labour (NETHLAB), Tilburg, the Netherlands.
Soc Sci Med. 2020 Jun;255:112814. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112814. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
Military personnel are exposed to severe stressors across different stages of their career that may have a negative impact on mental health and functioning. It is often suggested that psychological resilience plays an important role in the maintenance and/or enhancement of their mental health and functioning under these circumstances.
A systematic literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Web of Science, and PubMed up to August of 2019 retrieving 3,698 reports. Schmidt and Hunter meta-analytical techniques were used to assess the predictive value of psychological resilience on ten different military relevant mental health and functioning outcomes. Multivariate meta-analysis assessed the origin of heterogeneity among bivariate effect sizes.
The effect sizes of 40 eligible peer-reviewed papers covering 40 unique samples were included in the meta-analysis. Seventy-eight percent of these studies were published after 2010 and were predominantly conducted in western countries. Bivariate effect sizes were low to medium (absolute values: 0.08 to 0.36) and multivariate effect sizes, adjusting for across studies varying sets of covariates, were low to trivial (absolute values: 0.02 to 0.08). Moderator analyses using multivariate meta-analysis on 60 bivariate effect sizes, revealed no significant effect of type of psychological resilience scale, time-lag, and career stage.
The current review found no indications that different conceptualizations of psychological resilience across a variety of research designs, are strongly predictive of mental health and functioning among military personnel. Future directions (moderator/mediator models, stressor type specifications, and directionality) for prospective studies are discussed. Our results question the usefulness of interventions to enhance the resilience of soldiers to improve their mental health and functioning.
军人在职业生涯的不同阶段都会面临严重的压力源，这些压力源可能对他们的心理健康和功能产生负面影响。人们常认为，在这种情况下，心理弹性在维持和/或增强他们的心理健康和功能方面起着重要作用。
使用 PsycINFO、MEDLINE、PsycARTICLES、心理学和行为科学数据库、Web of Science 和 PubMed 进行了系统的文献检索，检索时间截至 2019 年 8 月，共检索到 3698 份报告。采用施密特和亨特元分析技术来评估心理弹性对十种不同的与军事相关的心理健康和功能结果的预测价值。多元元分析评估了二元效应大小之间异质性的来源。
纳入元分析的有 40 篇经过同行评审的论文，涵盖了 40 个独特的样本。其中 78%的研究是在 2010 年后发表的，主要在西方国家进行。二元效应大小为低至中等（绝对值：0.08 至 0.36），多元效应大小，在考虑了不同研究中不同的协变量集后，为低至微不足道（绝对值：0.02 至 0.08）。使用多元元分析对 60 个二元效应大小进行了调节分析，未发现心理弹性量表类型、时滞和职业阶段的调节作用有统计学意义。
本综述发现，不同研究设计中对心理弹性的不同概念化，并不能很好地预测军人的心理健康和功能。未来的研究方向（调节/中介模型、压力源类型的细化、以及方向性）进行了讨论。我们的结果对通过提高士兵的韧性来改善他们的心理健康和功能的干预措施的有效性提出了质疑。
