Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, UFF, Brazil.
Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular de Microorganismos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Curr Med Chem. 2021;28(7):1407-1421. doi: 10.2174/0929867327666200510235512.
Siderophores are small-molecule iron-chelators produced by microorganisms and plants growing mostly under low iron conditions. Siderophores allow iron capture and transport through cell membranes into the cytoplasm, where iron is released for use in biological processes. These bacterial iron uptake systems can be used for antibiotic conjugation or as targets for killing pathogenic bacteria. Siderophores have been explored recently because of their potential applications in environmental and therapeutic research. They are present in Streptomyces, Grampositive bacteria that are an important source for discovering new siderophores.
This review summarizes siderophore molecules produced by the genus Streptomyces emphasizing their potential as biotechnological producers and also illustrating genomic tools for discovering siderophores useful for treating bacterial infections.
The literature search was performed using PUBMED and MEDLINE databases with keywords siderophore, secondary metabolites, Trojan horse strategy, sideromycin and Streptomyces. The literature research focused on bibliographic databases including all siderophores identified in the genus Streptomyces. In addition, reference genomes of Streptomyces from GenBank were used to identify siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters by using the antiSMASH platform.
This review has highlighted some of the many siderophore molecules produced by Streptomyces, illustrating the diversity of their chemical structures and a wide spectrum of bioactivities against pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the possibility of using siderophores conjugated with antibiotics could be an alternative to overcome bacterial resistance to drugs and could improve their therapeutic efficacy.
This review confirms the importance of Streptomyces as a rich source of siderophores, and underlines their potential as antibacterial agents.
铁载体是微生物和植物在缺铁条件下产生的小分子铁螯合剂。铁载体允许铁通过细胞膜捕获和运输到细胞质中，在细胞质中释放铁以供生物过程使用。这些细菌铁摄取系统可用于抗生素共轭或作为杀死病原菌的靶标。由于其在环境和治疗研究中的潜在应用，铁载体最近得到了探索。它们存在于链霉菌属中，革兰氏阳性菌是发现新铁载体的重要来源。
本综述总结了链霉菌属产生的铁载体分子，强调了它们作为生物技术生产者的潜力，并说明了用于治疗细菌感染的发现铁载体的基因组工具。
使用 PUBMED 和 MEDLINE 数据库进行文献检索，使用的关键词是铁载体、次生代谢物、木马策略、铁霉素和链霉菌。文献研究侧重于包括链霉菌属中鉴定出的所有铁载体的文献数据库。此外，还使用来自 GenBank 的链霉菌参考基因组，通过 antiSMASH 平台识别铁载体生物合成基因簇。
本综述强调了一些链霉菌产生的许多铁载体分子，说明了它们化学结构的多样性和对病原菌的广泛生物活性。此外，将抗生素与铁载体共轭使用的可能性可能是克服细菌对药物的耐药性的一种替代方法，并可以提高其治疗效果。
本综述证实了链霉菌作为铁载体丰富来源的重要性，并强调了它们作为抗菌剂的潜力。
