Golovatch Sergei I, Liu Weixin
Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia.
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushanlu, Guangzhou 510642, China South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China.
Zookeys. 2020 Apr 28;930:153-198. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.930.47513. eCollection 2020.
Based on all available information, 339 species from 71 genera, 26 families, and eleven orders of Diplopoda have hitherto been recorded from mainland China, the fauna thus being very rich, albeit far from completely known, comprising various zoogeographic elements and populating very different environments. Diplopods mainly occur in various woodlands, in caves, and high in the mountains. Most species (> 90 %, usually highly localised, including 160 cavernicoles), 18 genera, and one family are strictly endemic to continental China. Mapping not only the horizontal, but also the vertical distributions of Diplopoda in China shows the bulk of the fauna to be expectedly restricted to forested lowland and mountain biomes or their remnants. Yet some Chordeumatida, Callipodida, Polydesmida, Julida, and even Spirobolida seem to occur only in the subalpine to alpine environments and thus may provisionally be considered as truly high-montane. The long-acknowledged notions of China being a great biogeographic zone transitional between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions generally find good support in millipede distributions, in particular at the higher taxonomic levels (generic, familial, and ordinal). While the Palaearctic/Holarctic components expectedly dominate the fauna of the northern parts of the country, the Oriental ones prevail in its south and along the Pacific coast. Both realms are increasingly mixed and intermingled towards China's centre. However, in addition to the above traditional views, based on distribution patterns alone, southern China seems to harbour a rather small, but highly peculiar faunal nucleus or origin centre of its own, whence Himalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina and/or Taiwan could have become populated by younger lineages. The millipede fauna of continental China is thus a tangled mixture of zoogeographic elements of various origins and ages, both relict and more advanced. The few anthropochores must have been the latest faunal "layer" to populate China.
根据所有可得信息，迄今为止，在中国陆地上已记录到来自倍足纲11个目、26个科、71个属的339个物种，其动物区系非常丰富，尽管远未被完全了解，包含各种动物地理成分，并分布于非常不同的环境中。倍足纲动物主要出现在各种林地、洞穴和高山地区。大多数物种（>90%，通常分布范围非常局限，包括160种洞穴物种）、18个属和1个科严格为中国大陆特有。绘制中国倍足纲动物的水平和垂直分布图表明，大部分动物区系预期局限于森林覆盖的低地和山地生物群落或其残余区域。然而，一些弦马陆目、美马陆目、姬马陆目、球马陆目，甚至山蛩目似乎仅出现在亚高山至高山环境中，因此可暂时被视为真正的高山物种。长期以来公认的观点认为，中国是古北区和东洋区之间的一个重要生物地理过渡带，这在千足虫的分布中总体上得到了很好的支持，特别是在较高的分类级别（属、科和目）上。虽然古北区/全北区成分预期在该国北部的动物区系中占主导地位，但东洋区成分在其南部和太平洋沿岸占优势。这两个动物区系在中国中部越来越多地混合和交织。然而，除了上述基于分布模式的传统观点外，仅从分布模式来看，中国南方似乎拥有一个相当小但非常独特的动物区系核心或起源中心，较年轻的谱系可能由此扩散到喜马拉雅地区、缅甸、泰国、印度支那和/或台湾。因此，中国大陆的千足虫动物区系是各种起源和年代的动物地理成分的复杂混合体，既有残遗成分，也有较进化的成分。少数随人类传播的物种必定是最后一批在中国大陆定居的动物区系“层”。
