Steinert Georg, Busch Kathrin, Bayer Kristina, Kodami Sahar, Arbizu Pedro Martinez, Kelly Michelle, Mills Sadie, Erpenbeck Dirk, Dohrmann Martin, Wörheide Gert, Hentschel Ute, Schupp Peter J
RD3 Marine Symbioses, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Apr 24;11:716. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00716. eCollection 2020.
In the present study, we profiled bacterial and archaeal communities from 13 phylogenetically diverse deep-sea sponge species (Demospongiae and Hexactinellida) from the South Pacific by 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing. Additionally, the associated bacteria and archaea were quantified by real-time qPCR. Our results show that bacterial communities from the deep-sea sponges are mostly host-species specific similar to what has been observed for shallow-water demosponges. The archaeal deep-sea sponge community structures are different from the bacterial community structures in that they are almost completely dominated by a single family, which are the ammonia-oxidizing genera within the Nitrosopumilaceae. Remarkably, the archaeal communities are mostly specific to individual sponges (rather than sponge-species), and this observation applies to both hexactinellids and demosponges. Finally, archaeal 16s gene numbers, as detected by quantitative real-time PCR, were up to three orders of magnitude higher than in shallow-water sponges, highlighting the importance of the archaea for deep-sea sponges in general.
在本研究中，我们通过16S rRNA基因扩增子测序对来自南太平洋的13种系统发育多样的深海海绵物种（寻常海绵纲和六放海绵纲）的细菌和古菌群落进行了分析。此外，通过实时定量PCR对相关细菌和古菌进行了定量。我们的结果表明，深海海绵的细菌群落大多具有宿主物种特异性，这与浅水寻常海绵的情况类似。深海海绵的古菌群落结构与细菌群落结构不同，因为它们几乎完全由一个单一的科主导，即硝化侏儒菌科内的氨氧化属。值得注意的是，古菌群落大多针对单个海绵（而非海绵物种），这一观察结果适用于六放海绵和寻常海绵。最后，通过定量实时PCR检测到的古菌16s基因数量比浅水海绵中的高出多达三个数量级，突出了古菌对一般深海海绵的重要性。
