Kivelä S L, Pahkala K
University of Tampere, Department of Public Health, Finland.
Z Gerontol. 1988 Sep-Oct;21(5):257-63.
The study describes common symptoms of depression and age and sex differences in these symptoms in elderly Finns. The symptoms were assessed on the basis of the 22-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and comparisons were made between the symptoms of those diagnosed as depressed and those diagnosed as not depressed in clinical investigations. The most common symptoms in depressed men were general somatic symptoms, initial insomnia, loss of interest in work and activities, middle insomnia, and depressed mood. In depressed women, the most common symptoms were psychic anxiety, general somatic symptoms, initial insomnia, loss of interest in work and activities, and depressed mood. In both these groups the lowest occurrences were found for compulsory symptoms, paranoid symptoms and depersonalization. The symptomatology was most severe in the oldest age group: depressed mood and many somatic symptoms were more common in depressed older male and female age groups than in younger groups. Sex comparisons showed that many symptoms were more severe in depressed women than in depressed men: depressed mood, feelings of guilt, psychic anxiety, somatic anxiety and diurnal variation of symptoms were more common in depressed women. Retardation was the only symptom that was more common in depressed men. Loss of libido did not belong to the symptomatology of depression in the oldest female age group, but in men and in younger female age group it could in some cases indicate occurrence of depression.
该研究描述了芬兰老年人抑郁症的常见症状以及这些症状在年龄和性别上的差异。症状依据22项汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（HRSD）进行评估，并在临床调查中对诊断为抑郁者和未诊断为抑郁者的症状进行了比较。抑郁男性中最常见的症状是躯体症状、入睡困难、对工作和活动失去兴趣、易醒、情绪低落。抑郁女性中最常见的症状是精神性焦虑、躯体症状、入睡困难、对工作和活动失去兴趣、情绪低落。在这两组中，强迫症状、偏执症状和人格解体的发生率最低。症状在年龄最大的组中最为严重：抑郁的老年男性和女性组中情绪低落和许多躯体症状比年轻组更常见。性别比较显示，抑郁女性的许多症状比抑郁男性更严重：情绪低落、内疚感、精神性焦虑、躯体性焦虑和症状的昼夜变化在抑郁女性中更常见。迟缓是抑郁男性中唯一更常见的症状。性欲减退在年龄最大的女性组中不属于抑郁症的症状表现，但在男性和年轻女性组中，在某些情况下可能表明患有抑郁症。
