Young Jodi N, Schmidt Katrin
School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
New Phytol. 2020 Sep;227(5):1307-1318. doi: 10.1111/nph.16648. Epub 2020 Jun 5.
Marine microalgae within seawater and sea ice fuel high-latitude ecosystems and drive biogeochemical cycles through the fixation and export of carbon, uptake of nutrients, and production and release of oxygen and organic compounds. High-latitude marine environments are characterized by cold temperatures, dark winters and a strong seasonal cycle. Within this environment a number of diverse and dynamic habitats exist, particularly in association with the formation and melt of sea ice, with distinct microalgal communities that transition with the season. Algal physiology is a crucial component, both responding to the dynamic environment and in turn influencing its immediate physicochemical environment. As high-latitude oceans shift into new climate regimes the analysis of seasonal responses may provide insights into how microalgae will respond to long-term environmental change. This review discusses recent developments in our understanding of how the physiology of high-latitude marine microalgae is regulated over a polar seasonal cycle, with a focus on ice-associated (sympagic) algae. In particular, physiologies that impact larger scale processes will be explored, with an aim to improve our understanding of current and future ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles.
海水和海冰中的海洋微藻为高纬度生态系统提供养分，并通过碳的固定与输出、养分的吸收以及氧气和有机化合物的产生与释放来推动生物地球化学循环。高纬度海洋环境的特点是温度寒冷、冬季黑暗且季节循环强烈。在这种环境中，存在许多多样且动态的栖息地，特别是与海冰的形成和融化相关的栖息地，还有随季节变化的独特微藻群落。藻类生理学是一个关键组成部分，它既对动态环境做出反应，又反过来影响其直接的物理化学环境。随着高纬度海洋进入新的气候状态，对季节性反应的分析可能会为微藻如何应对长期环境变化提供见解。本综述讨论了我们在理解高纬度海洋微藻生理学如何在极地季节循环中受到调节方面的最新进展，重点关注与冰相关（共生）的藻类。特别是，将探讨影响更大尺度过程的生理学，旨在增进我们对当前和未来生态系统以及生物地球化学循环的理解。
