未受伤青年运动员单腿跳跃测试表现：有多少人可以达到推荐的重返运动标准？
Uninjured Youth Athlete Performance on Single-Leg Hop Testing: How Many Can Achieve Recommended Return-to-Sport Criterion?
机构信息
Sports Medicine and Performance Center at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2020 Nov/Dec;12(6):552-558. doi: 10.1177/1941738120911662. Epub 2020 May 11.
BACKGROUND
Current anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) guidelines utilize single-leg hop tests (SLHTs) to assist in return-to-sport decision making. A limb symmetry index (LSI) of ≥90% is often required; however, after ACLR, most youth athletes cannot achieve this standard. Reporting the performance of age-matched normative controls will allow clinicians to compare post-ACLR performance with noninjured peers, improving the utility of SLHTs. The purpose of this study was to report hop test LSI within healthy youth athletes and determine whether athlete performance surpasses post-ACLR requirements.
HYPOTHESIS
The LSI for the majority of healthy youth athletes will be ≥90%.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional cohort study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
METHODS
Each participant performed a single hop (SH), triple hop (TrH), crossover hop (CrH), and timed hop (TiH). A 3-trial mean was utilized to calculate an LSI (nondominant/dominant leg [self-reported kicking leg]) for each hop. The frequency of pass/fail at ≥90% LSI was calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients analyzed the relationship between the different hops, and a 2-way analysis of variance determined the effects of age and sex on LSI.
RESULTS
A total of 340 participants (54% male; mean age, 10.9 ± 1.5 years; range, 8-14 years) were included. The mean LSI was >95% for each SLHT (SH, 97.9% [SD, 0.7]; TrH, 96.6% [SD, 0.6]; CrH, 96.8% [SD, 0.8]; TiH, 96.5% [SD, 0.6]). When analyzed as a test battery, only 45% of participants achieved this standard. Significantly weak to moderate correlations existed among hop tests ( < 0.01; = 0.342-0.520). Age and sex had no effect on LSI ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
While the mean LSI in our sample was >95% for each individual hop test, participant performance across all SLHT components varied, such that less than half of healthy athletes could achieve ≥90% LSI across all hops.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Current guidelines require ≥90% LSI on SLHTs. The majority of healthy youth athletes could not achieve this standard, which questions the validity of this LSI threshold in youth athletes after ACLR.
背景
目前的前交叉韧带重建（ACLR）指南利用单腿跳跃测试（SLHT）来辅助制定重返运动的决策。通常需要达到≥90%的肢体对称性指数（LSI）；然而，在 ACLR 后，大多数青年运动员无法达到这一标准。报告与年龄匹配的正常对照的表现将使临床医生能够将 ACLR 后的表现与未受伤的同龄人进行比较，从而提高 SLHT 的实用性。本研究的目的是报告健康青年运动员的跳跃测试 LSI，并确定运动员的表现是否超过 ACLR 后的要求。
假设
大多数健康青年运动员的 LSI 将≥90%。
研究设计
横断面队列研究。
证据水平
3 级。
方法
每位参与者进行单腿跳跃（SH）、三腿跳跃（TrH）、交叉跳跃（CrH）和计时跳跃（TiH）。使用 3 次试验的平均值计算每个跳跃的 LSI（非优势/优势腿[自我报告的踢腿腿]）。计算 LSI≥90%的通过率。Pearson 相关系数分析了不同跳跃之间的关系，双因素方差分析确定了年龄和性别对 LSI 的影响。
结果
共有 340 名参与者（54%为男性；平均年龄 10.9±1.5 岁；年龄范围 8-14 岁）。每个 SLHT 的 LSI 平均值均>95%（SH，97.9%[SD，0.7]；TrH，96.6%[SD，0.6]；CrH，96.8%[SD，0.8]；TiH，96.5%[SD，0.6]）。当作为一个测试组合进行分析时，只有 45%的参与者达到了这一标准。跳跃测试之间存在显著的弱到中度相关性（<0.01；r=0.342-0.520）。年龄和性别对 LSI 没有影响（<0.05）。
结论
虽然我们的样本中每个单项跳跃测试的平均 LSI 都>95%，但所有 SLHT 组成部分的参与者表现各不相同，以至于不到一半的健康运动员能够在所有跳跃中达到≥90%的 LSI。
临床相关性
目前的指南要求 SLHT 上的 LSI≥90%。大多数健康的青年运动员无法达到这一标准，这对 ACLR 后青年运动员的这一 LSI 阈值的有效性提出了质疑。
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