Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, BK21 CLS, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Dent Res. 2020 Aug;99(9):1013-1020. doi: 10.1177/0022034520922134. Epub 2020 May 11.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium caused by the loss of homeostasis between subgingival biofilms and susceptible hosts. Bacterial invasion into the gingival tissue and persistent infection are major events that lead to chronic inflammation. The intratissue bacterial communities are as complex as the subgingival biofilms and can also form biofilm-like structures, which will serve as a reservoir for local and systemic infections. The epithelium forms physical, chemical, and immunological barriers against invading microbes. Nevertheless, many bacterial species can invade the gingival epithelium through transcellular and paracellular pathways. In addition, both genetic and environmental factors of the hosts can affect epithelial barrier functions and thus bacterial invasion of the gingiva. In this review, current evidence for the bacterial invasion of the gingival tissue in periodontitis has been summarized, and the microbial and host factors that determine bacterial invasion of the gingiva have been reviewed.
牙周炎是一种由龈下生物膜和易感宿主之间的内稳态失衡引起的慢性炎症。细菌侵入牙龈组织和持续感染是导致慢性炎症的主要事件。组织内细菌群落与龈下生物膜一样复杂，也可以形成类似生物膜的结构，作为局部和全身感染的储库。上皮组织形成物理、化学和免疫屏障，防止入侵的微生物。然而，许多细菌物种可以通过细胞内和细胞旁途径侵入牙龈上皮。此外，宿主的遗传和环境因素都会影响上皮屏障功能，从而影响细菌对牙龈的侵袭。本文综述了牙周炎中牙龈组织细菌侵袭的研究进展，并探讨了决定细菌侵袭牙龈的微生物和宿主因素。
