Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2020 Dec;57(8):508-521. doi: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1751584. Epub 2020 May 12.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), primarily exosomes and microvesicles, are critical intercellular mediators of communication. Over the past decade, improved knowledge and methodologies have enabled the detection and quantification of RNA species in EVs, despite their extremely low levels. Recently, EV-associated long RNAs (exLRs) have been drawing much attention. Delivered by EVs, they have higher stability, greater difference in temporal and spatial expression, and the capacity to remodel both proximal and distal recipient cells. These properties guarantee their roles as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, vaccines, and gene therapy agents in a wide range of human diseases. Despite the progress in this area of research, limitations in both knowledge and methodologies have hindered its further development. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed studies related to exLRs, including protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs) in EVs to indicate their value in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases; we also present a series of yet unsettled issues in this novel area, hence providing insights for future studies.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs)，主要是外泌体和微泡，是细胞间通讯的重要介质。在过去的十年中，尽管 EVs 的含量极低，但改进的知识和方法学已经能够检测和定量 EVs 中的 RNA 种类。最近，EV 相关的长 RNA（exLRs）引起了广泛关注。它们通过 EV 传递，具有更高的稳定性、更大的时空表达差异，以及重塑近端和远端受体细胞的能力。这些特性保证了它们在广泛的人类疾病中作为生物标志物、治疗靶点、疫苗和基因治疗剂的作用。尽管在这一研究领域取得了进展，但知识和方法学上的局限性阻碍了其进一步发展。本文全面综述了与 exLRs 相关的研究，包括 EV 中的蛋白编码信使 RNA (mRNA) 和非编码 RNA（长非编码 RNA 和环状 RNA），以表明它们在人类疾病的诊断和治疗中的价值；我们还提出了这一新兴领域中一系列尚未解决的问题，为未来的研究提供了思路。
