Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, M. Pirogovskaya Str., 1/1, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
BMC Genomics. 2020 May 11;21(1):351. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-6759-x.
The hybridization of female D. raddei and male D. valentini gave rise to the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis. A previously identified genetic polymorphism in the species consisted of one common and two allozyme clones. Analysis of microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the three species yields estimates of clonal diversity and tests the hypothesis of a single origin for D. unisexualis.
Genotyping and sequencing of four microsatellite-containing loci for 109 specimens of D. unisexualis, 17 D. valentini, and 45 D. raddei nairensis identified 12 presumptive clones, including one widespread and 11 rare clones. Most individuals in some localities had a rare clone. Clone-specific alleles in D. unisexualis were compared with those of the parental species. The results inferred a single hybridization event. Post-formation mutations best explain the less common clones.
Interspecific analyses identify alleles inherited by D. unisexualis from its bisexual ancestors. SNP analyses fail to reject the hypothesis of a single interspecific origin of D. unisexualis, followed by microsatellite mutations in this initial clone. Microsatellites detect higher clonal diversity in D. unisexualis compared to allozymes and identify the likely origins of clones. Our approach may be applicable to other unisexual species whose origins involve interspecific hybridization.
雌性 D. raddei 和雄性 D. valentini 的杂交产生了孤雌生殖的高加索岩蜥 Darevskia unisexualis。该物种之前确定的一个遗传多态性由一个常见和两个同工酶克隆组成。对来自三个物种的微卫星和单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 的分析得出了克隆多样性的估计值，并检验了 D. unisexualis 单一起源的假设。
对 109 个 D. unisexualis、17 个 D. valentini 和 45 个 D. raddei nairensis 个体的四个含微卫星的基因座进行基因分型和测序，鉴定出 12 个假定的克隆，包括一个广泛存在的和 11 个罕见的克隆。一些地方的大多数个体都有一种罕见的克隆。D. unisexualis 中的克隆特异性等位基因与亲本物种的等位基因进行了比较。结果推断出单一的杂交事件。形成后的突变最能解释不太常见的克隆。
种间分析鉴定出 D. unisexualis 从其两性祖先继承的等位基因。SNP 分析不能拒绝 D. unisexualis 单一种间起源的假设，随后是该初始克隆中的微卫星突变。微卫星检测到 D. unisexualis 的克隆多样性高于同工酶，并确定了克隆的可能起源。我们的方法可能适用于其他涉及种间杂交的单性生殖物种。
