Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
Infect Immun. 2020 Jul 21;88(8). doi: 10.1128/IAI.00903-19.
and its reptilian counterpart and encystation model formed a polarized monopodial morphology when treated with pentoxifylline. This morphology was propelled by retrograde flow of the cell surface resulting from a cyclic sol-gel conversion of cytoplasm and a stable bleb at the leading edge. Pentoxifylline treatment switched the unpolarized, adherent trophozoites to the nonadherent, stable bleb-driven form and altered the motility pattern from slow and random to fast, directionally persistent, and highly chemotactic. Interestingly, exogenously added adenosine produced multiple protrusions and random motility, an opposite phenotype to that of pentoxifylline. Thus, pentoxifylline, an adenosine antagonist, may be inducing the monopodial morphology by preventing lateral protrusions and restricting the leading edge to one site. The polarized form of was aggregation competent, and time-lapse microscopy of encystation revealed its appearance during early hours, mediating the cell aggregation by directional cell migration. The addition of purine nucleotides to encystation culture prevented the formation of polarized morphology and inhibited the cell aggregation and, thus, the encystation, which further showed the importance of the polarized form in the life cycle. Cell polarity and motility are essential in the pathogenesis of parasites, and the stable bleb-driven polarized morphology of may also be important in invasive amoebiasis.
并且其爬行类对应物和包囊形成模型在使用己酮可可碱处理时形成极化的单极形态。这种形态是由细胞质的循环溶胶-凝胶转化和前缘处稳定的泡囊引起的细胞表面逆行流动推动的。己酮可可碱处理将非极化的、黏附的滋养体转变为非黏附的、稳定泡囊驱动的形式，并改变了运动模式，从缓慢和随机变为快速、定向持续和高度趋化性。有趣的是，外源性添加的腺苷产生了多个突起和随机运动，这与己酮可可碱的表型相反。因此，己酮可可碱作为一种腺苷拮抗剂，可能通过阻止侧向突起并将前缘限制在一个位置来诱导单极形态。的极化形式具有聚集能力，包囊形成的延时显微镜观察显示其在早期出现，通过定向细胞迁移介导细胞聚集。嘌呤核苷酸的添加到 包囊形成培养物中阻止了极化形态的形成并抑制了细胞聚集，从而阻止了包囊形成，这进一步表明极化形态在 生命周期中的重要性。细胞极性和运动性是 寄生虫发病机制中的重要因素，而 的稳定泡囊驱动的极化形态在侵袭性阿米巴病中也可能很重要。
