Samba-Louaka Ascel, Labruyère Elisabeth, Matondo Mariette, Locard-Paulet Marie, Olivo-Marin Jean-Christophe, Guillen Nancy
Université de Poitiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7267, Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, TSA51106, 86073 Poitiers, France.
Institut Pasteur, Biological Image Analysis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France.
Microorganisms. 2023 Oct 31;11(11):2670. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112670.
Amoebae found in aquatic and terrestrial environments encompass various pathogenic species, including the parasite and the free-living . Both microorganisms pose significant threats to public health, capable of inducing life-threatening effects on humans. These amoebae exist in two cellular forms: trophozoites and cysts. The trophozoite stage is the form used for growth and reproduction while the cyst stage is the resistant and disseminating form. Cysts occur after cellular metabolism slowdown due to nutritional deprivation or the appearance of environmental conditions unfavourable to the amoebae's growth and division. The initiation of encystation is accompanied by the activation of stress responses, and scarce data indicate that encystation shares factors and mechanisms identified in stress responses occurring in trophozoites exposed to toxic compounds derived from human immune defence. Although some "omics" analyses have explored how amoebae respond to diverse stresses, these studies remain limited and rarely report post-translational modifications that would provide knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying amoebae-specific stress responses. In this review, we discuss ubiquitin-like proteins associated with encystation and cell survival during oxidative damage. We aim to shed light on the signalling pathways involved in amoebic defence mechanisms, with a focus on their potential clinical implications against pathogenic amoebae, addressing the pressing need for effective therapies.
在水生和陆生环境中发现的变形虫包括各种致病物种，其中包括寄生虫和自由生活的变形虫。这两种微生物都对公众健康构成重大威胁，能够对人类产生危及生命的影响。这些变形虫以两种细胞形式存在：滋养体和包囊。滋养体阶段是用于生长和繁殖的形式，而包囊阶段是具有抗性和传播性的形式。包囊是在由于营养剥夺或出现不利于变形虫生长和分裂的环境条件导致细胞代谢减缓后形成的。包囊化的起始伴随着应激反应的激活，而且稀少的数据表明包囊化与在暴露于源自人类免疫防御的有毒化合物的滋养体中发生的应激反应中所确定的因素和机制相同。尽管一些“组学”分析已经探究了变形虫如何应对各种应激，但这些研究仍然有限，并且很少报告翻译后修饰，而翻译后修饰可以提供有关变形虫特异性应激反应潜在分子机制的知识。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了与包囊化和氧化损伤期间细胞存活相关的类泛素蛋白。我们旨在阐明变形虫防御机制中涉及的信号通路，重点关注它们针对致病性变形虫的潜在临床意义，以满足对有效治疗方法的迫切需求。
