Hara Kazuya, Okada Masahiro, Takagi Daiki, Tanaka Keiko, Senba Hidenori, Teraoka Masato, Yamada Hiroyuki, Matsuura Bunzo, Hato Naohito, Miyake Yoshihiro
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, HITO Hospital, Ehime, Japan.
Hypertens Res. 2020 Sep;43(9):963-968. doi: 10.1038/s41440-020-0444-y. Epub 2020 May 12.
Epidemiological information regarding the relationship between hypertension, dyslipidemia, and/or diabetes and hearing impairment (HI) has been controversial. The present cross-sectional study investigated this issue in Japan. The subjects were 371 men and 639 women aged 36‒84 years. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or current use of antihypertensive medication. Dyslipidemia was defined as a serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration ≥140 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration <40 mg/dL, triglyceride concentration ≥150 mg/dL, or current use of cholesterol-lowering medication. Diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c level ≥6.5%, or current use of diabetic medication. HI was defined as present when subjects did not respond to a pure-tone average of >25 dB HL in the better hearing ear. Adjustments were made for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, household income, and education. The prevalence of HI was 31.5% in men and 20.8% in women. In men, hypertension, but not dyslipidemia or diabetes, was independently positively associated with HI: the adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.07‒2.16). Having at least two cardiovascular risk factors among hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes was independently positively related to HI: the adjusted PR was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.11‒2.99, P for trend = 0.02). Such positive associations were not found in women. Hypertension and having at least two cardiovascular risk factors may be positively associated with HI in men only.
关于高血压、血脂异常和/或糖尿病与听力障碍（HI）之间关系的流行病学信息一直存在争议。本横断面研究在日本对这一问题进行了调查。研究对象为371名年龄在36至84岁之间的男性和639名女性。高血压的定义为收缩压≥140 mmHg、舒张压≥90 mmHg或正在使用抗高血压药物。血脂异常的定义为血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度≥140 mg/dL、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度<40 mg/dL、甘油三酯浓度≥150 mg/dL或正在使用降胆固醇药物。糖尿病的定义为空腹血糖水平≥126 mg/dL、糖化血红蛋白水平≥6.5%或正在使用糖尿病药物。HI的定义为受试者较好耳的纯音平均听阈>25 dB HL且无反应。对年龄、吸烟、饮酒、体重指数、家庭收入和教育程度进行了调整。男性HI的患病率为31.5%，女性为20.8%。在男性中，高血压与HI独立正相关，而血脂异常或糖尿病则不然：调整后的患病率比（PR）为1.52（95% CI：1.07 - 2.16）。在高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病中至少有两种心血管危险因素与HI独立正相关：调整后的PR为1.82（95% CI：1.11 - 2.99，趋势检验P = 0.02）。在女性中未发现这种正相关。高血压和至少有两种心血管危险因素可能仅在男性中与HI正相关。
