高血压与日本工人体检听力障碍的关系：一项横断面研究。
Association between hypertension and hearing impairment in health check-ups among Japanese workers: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2019 Apr 24;9(4):e028392. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028392.
OBJECTIVES
Prevention of hearing impairment (HI) is important because recovery of hearing is typically difficult. Epidemiological studies have examined the risk factors for HI. However, the association between hypertension and HI remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the association between hypertension and HI.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Japanese workers in an information and communication technologies company.
PARTICIPANTS
Of 24 823 employees of the same company, we recruited 13 475 participants who underwent hearing testing by audiometry in annual health check-ups and did not have missing data regarding body measurement, blood test results and drinking/smoking status (mean age: 49.4 years; males: 86.4%).
PRIMARY OUTCOMES
Hearing tests were performed at two frequencies (1 kHz, 4 kHz). We defined the inability of participants to respond to 30 dB at 1 kHz and/or 40 dB at 4 kHz as overall moderate HI. We also defined moderate HI at 1 or 4 kHz as an abnormal finding at 1 or 4 kHz. We defined hypertension as ≥140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure and/or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure and/or taking medication for hypertension. We examined the association between hypertension and HI after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking/drinking status, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and proteinuria.
RESULTS
Moderate HI was identified in 980 participants (7.3%). Of these, 441 participants (3.3%) exhibited moderate HI at 1 kHz, and 787 participants (5.8%) exhibited moderate HI at 4 kHz. Subjects with hypertension showed a higher prevalence of any HI. The prevalence of overall moderate HI, moderate HI at 1 kHz and moderate HI at 4 kHz among subjects with hypertension was 8.7%, 4.3% and 6.8%, while those among subjects without hypertension was 6.9%, 3.0% and 5.6% (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p=0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Hypertension was associated with moderate HI in Japanese workers.
目的
预防听力损伤（HI）很重要，因为听力恢复通常很困难。流行病学研究已经研究了 HI 的危险因素。然而，高血压与 HI 之间的关系仍不清楚。我们旨在阐明高血压与 HI 之间的关系。
设计
横断面研究。
地点
一家信息技术公司的日本工人。
参与者
在同一家公司的 24823 名员工中，我们招募了 13475 名参与者，他们在年度健康检查中接受了听力测试（听力计），并且没有关于身体测量，血液测试结果和饮酒/吸烟状况的缺失数据（平均年龄：49.4 岁；男性：86.4%）。
主要结果
在两个频率（1 kHz，4 kHz）进行听力测试。我们将参与者无法对 30 dB 做出反应的情况定义为 1 kHz 和/或 40 dB 定义为总体中度 HI。我们还将 1 或 4 kHz 的中度 HI 定义为 1 或 4 kHz 的异常发现。高血压定义为收缩压≥140 mmHg 和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg 和/或服用高血压药物。我们在调整年龄，性别，体重指数，吸烟/饮酒状况，糖尿病，高脂血症和蛋白尿后，检查了高血压与 HI 之间的关系。
结果
980 名参与者（7.3%）被诊断为中度 HI。其中，441 名参与者（3.3%）在 1 kHz 时表现出中度 HI，787 名参与者（5.8%）在 4 kHz 时表现出中度 HI。患有高血压的受试者有更高的 HI 患病率。高血压患者的总体中度 HI，1 kHz 中度 HI 和 4 kHz 中度 HI 的患病率分别为 8.7%，4.3%和 6.8%，而无高血压患者的患病率分别为 6.9%，3.0%和 5.6%（p<0.01，p<0.01 和 p=0.01）。
结论
高血压与日本工人的中度 HI 相关。
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