Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany.
Pflugers Arch. 2020 Sep;472(9):1249-1272. doi: 10.1007/s00424-020-02383-4. Epub 2020 May 12.
The fine-tuning of glucose uptake mechanisms is rendered by various glucose transporters with distinct transport characteristics. In the pancreatic islet, facilitative diffusion glucose transporters (GLUTs), and sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) contribute to glucose uptake and represent important components in the glucose-stimulated hormone release from endocrine cells, therefore playing a crucial role in blood glucose homeostasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about cell type-specific expression profiles as well as proven and putative functions of distinct GLUT and SGLT family members in the human and rodent pancreatic islet and further discusses their possible involvement in onset and progression of diabetes mellitus. In context of GLUTs, we focus on GLUT2, characterizing the main glucose transporter in insulin-secreting β-cells in rodents. In addition, we discuss recent data proposing that other GLUT family members, namely GLUT1 and GLUT3, render this task in humans. Finally, we summarize latest information about SGLT1 and SGLT2 as representatives of the SGLT family that have been reported to be expressed predominantly in the α-cell population with a suggested functional role in the regulation of glucagon release.
葡萄糖摄取机制的微调是由具有不同转运特性的各种葡萄糖转运体完成的。在胰岛中，易化扩散葡萄糖转运体（GLUTs）和钠-葡萄糖协同转运体（SGLTs）有助于葡萄糖摄取，是内分泌细胞中葡萄糖刺激激素释放的重要组成部分，因此在血糖稳态中起着关键作用。这篇综述总结了目前关于人类和啮齿动物胰岛中特定细胞类型表达谱以及不同 GLUT 和 SGLT 家族成员已证实和推测功能的知识，并进一步讨论了它们在糖尿病发病和进展中的可能参与。在 GLUTs 方面，我们重点介绍了 GLUT2，它是啮齿动物胰岛素分泌β细胞中主要的葡萄糖转运体。此外，我们还讨论了最近的数据，这些数据表明其他 GLUT 家族成员，即 GLUT1 和 GLUT3，在人类中完成了这一任务。最后，我们总结了 SGLT1 和 SGLT2 的最新信息，它们是 SGLT 家族的代表，据报道主要在α细胞群体中表达，并在调节胰高血糖素释放方面具有功能作用。
