Medical University of Warsaw, Chair & Department of General Biology & Parasitology, Center for Biostructure Research, 5 Chalubinskiego Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
J Biomed Sci. 2017 Aug 31;24(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12929-017-0371-7.
Kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. Renal gluconeogenesis prevents hypoglycemia by releasing glucose into the blood stream. Glucose homeostasis is also due, in part, to reabsorption and excretion of hexose in the kidney.Lipid bilayer of plasma membrane is impermeable for glucose, which is hydrophilic and soluble in water. Therefore, transport of glucose across the plasma membrane depends on carrier proteins expressed in the plasma membrane. In humans, there are three families of glucose transporters: GLUT proteins, sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) and SWEET. In kidney, only GLUTs and SGLTs protein are expressed. Mutations within genes that code these proteins lead to different renal disorders and diseases. However, diseases, not only renal, such as diabetes, may damage expression and function of renal glucose transporters.
肾脏在葡萄糖稳态中起着重要作用。肾脏的糖异生作用通过将葡萄糖释放到血液中防止低血糖。葡萄糖稳态也部分归因于肾脏中己糖的重吸收和排泄。质膜的脂质双层对葡萄糖是不可渗透的，因为葡萄糖是亲水性的，可溶于水。因此，葡萄糖穿过质膜的运输取决于质膜中表达的载体蛋白。在人类中，有三种葡萄糖转运蛋白家族：GLUT 蛋白、钠依赖性葡萄糖转运体（SGLTs）和 SWEET。在肾脏中，仅表达 GLUTs 和 SGLTs 蛋白。编码这些蛋白的基因突变会导致不同的肾脏疾病。然而，不仅是肾脏疾病，如糖尿病，也可能会损害肾脏葡萄糖转运体的表达和功能。
