Ruderman A J, Grace P S
Dept. of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680.
Addict Behav. 1988;13(4):359-68. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(88)90042-1.
This study compared the psychological characteristics of restrained eaters and bulimics. One hundred and thirty six female undergraduates completed the Restraint Scale, the Bulimia Test, the Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scale, a borderline personality disorder scale, the Body Cathexis Scale, and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale which yields six measures of self-esteem (physical self, moral-ethical self, personal self, family self, social self, and total self-esteem) and four measures of psychopathology (general maladjustment, psychosis, personality disorder, and neurosis). Stepwise regression analyses were done using restraint and bulimia as dependent measures and the other measures as predictor variables. Both the regression equation for bulimia and the one for restraint included physical self-esteem and narcissism as predictor variables. As a third variable, general maladjustment was entered in the bulimia equation and moral self-esteem in the restraint equation. The results indicate that both bulimics and restrained eaters are dissatisfied with their bodies and have narcissistic qualities. However, bulimics show an element of psychopathology which restrained eaters do not and restrained eaters perceive themselves as morally virtuous, whereas bulimics do not.
本研究比较了节食者和贪食症患者的心理特征。136名女大学生完成了节食量表、贪食症测试、自恋型人格障碍量表、边缘型人格障碍量表、身体投入量表和田纳西自我概念量表，后者产生六项自尊测量指标（身体自我、道德伦理自我、个人自我、家庭自我、社会自我和总体自尊）以及四项精神病理学测量指标（一般适应不良、精神病、人格障碍和神经症）。以节食和贪食为因变量，其他测量指标为预测变量进行逐步回归分析。贪食症回归方程和节食回归方程均将身体自尊和自恋作为预测变量。作为第三个变量，一般适应不良被纳入贪食症方程，道德自尊被纳入节食方程。结果表明，贪食症患者和节食者都对自己的身体不满意，且具有自恋特质。然而，贪食症患者表现出一种节食者没有的精神病理学特征，节食者认为自己道德高尚，而贪食症患者则不然。
