Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 10;21(9):3370. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093370.
Fusaric acid (FA), the fungal toxin produced by , plays a predominant role in the virulence and symptom development of Fusarium wilt disease. As mineral nutrients can be protective agents against Fusarium wilt, hydroponic experiments employing zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) followed by FA treatment were conducted in a glasshouse. FA exhibited strong phytotoxicity on cucumber plants, which was reversed by the addition of Zn or Cu. Thus, Zn or Cu dramatically reduced the wilt index, alleviated the leaf or root cell membrane injury and mitigated against the FA inhibition of plant growth and photosynthesis. Cucumber plants grown with Zn exhibited decreased FA transportation to shoots and a 17% increase in toxicity mitigation and showed minimal hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation level with the increased of antioxidant enzymes activity in both roots and leaves. Cucumber grown with additional Cu absorbed less FA but showed more toxicity mitigation at 20% compared to with additional Zn and exhibited decreased hydrogen peroxide level and increased antioxidant enzymes activity. Thus, adding Zn or Cu can decrease the toxicity of the FA by affecting the absorption or transportation of the FA in plants and mitigate toxicity possibly through chelation. Zn and Cu modify the antioxidant system to scavenge hydrogen peroxide for suppressing FA induction of oxidative damage. Our experiments could provide a theoretical basis for the direct application of micro-fertilizer as protective agents in farming.
真菌毒素 （FA）是由 产生的真菌毒素，在枯萎病的毒力和症状发展中起主要作用。由于矿质营养可以作为防治枯萎病的保护剂，因此在温室中进行了水培实验，用锌（Zn）和铜（Cu）处理 FA。FA 对黄瓜植株表现出很强的植物毒性，添加 Zn 或 Cu 可以逆转这种毒性。因此，Zn 或 Cu 可显著降低萎蔫指数，减轻叶片或根细胞膜损伤，并减轻 FA 对植物生长和光合作用的抑制作用。与对照相比，添加 Zn 的黄瓜植株向地上部运输的 FA 减少，毒性缓解率提高了 17%，且根和叶中的抗氧化酶活性增加，过氧化氢和脂质过氧化水平降低。添加 Cu 的黄瓜吸收的 FA 较少，但与添加 Zn 相比，毒性缓解率提高了 20%，过氧化氢水平降低，抗氧化酶活性增加。因此，添加 Zn 或 Cu 可以通过影响 FA 在植物中的吸收或运输来降低 FA 的毒性，并通过螯合作用减轻毒性。Zn 和 Cu 修饰抗氧化系统以清除过氧化氢，从而抑制 FA 诱导的氧化损伤。我们的实验为将微肥直接用作农业中的保护剂提供了理论依据。
