Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
BMC Public Health. 2020 May 12;20(1):665. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08816-0.
Four major non-communicable diseases (NCD), including T2DM, contributed to nearly three-quarters of all deaths worldwide in 2017. Dietary and lifestyle actors associated with NCDs are potentially modifiable. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the dietary and lifestyle factors associated with T2DM, pre-diabetes, and hypertension among adult outpatients in Manzini, Swaziland.
A random sample of 385 subjects aged 18 years and above was selected. The data regarding demographics, socio-economic status, lifestyle behaviour, diet, and physical activities were collected. Additionally, participants' anthropometric measurements and vital signs were taken. A biochemical examination was done for fasting plasma glucose, and a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test, where necessary. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for this data analysis, and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
A total of 385 (197 men and 188 women) subjects aged 18 years and older participated in the study. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 48.3%, while the prevalence of hypertension stage 1 and 2 were 29.4 and 19%, respectively. Smoking, SES and consumption of sweet drinks, salty processed foods, fruits, and vegetables were significantly associated with T2DM. However, in the multivariate analysis, only consumption of vegetables (p < 0.0001), fruits (p =0.014), sweet drinks (p = 0.042), and salty processed foods (p = 0.005) remained significantly associated with T2DM. Smoking (p = 0.002) and consumption of fruits (p < 0.0001), vegetables (p < 0.0001), and sweet drinks (p = 0.043) were independently associated with pre-diabetes, while the consumption of vegetables (p = 0.002) and salty processed foods (p = 0.003) were the factors independently associated with hypertension.
The factors associated with T2DM, pre-diabetes, and hypertension are potentially modifiable. Therefore, interventions which target lifestyle changes at primary health care and population levels are warranted to address the growing burden of these chronic conditions in Swaziland.
2017 年，全球近四分之三的死亡人数与四种主要的非传染性疾病（NCD）有关，包括 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）。与 NCD 相关的饮食和生活方式因素是可以改变的。因此，本研究旨在确定斯威士兰曼齐尼成年门诊患者中与 T2DM、糖尿病前期和高血压相关的饮食和生活方式因素。
随机选择了 385 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的受试者。收集了人口统计学、社会经济地位、生活方式行为、饮食和体育活动的数据。此外，还对参与者的人体测量和生命体征进行了测量。对空腹血浆葡萄糖进行了生化检查，必要时进行了 2 小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）版本 26 进行数据分析，统计显著性水平设置为 p < 0.05。
共有 385 名（197 名男性和 188 名女性）年龄在 18 岁及以上的受试者参加了研究。高血压总患病率为 48.3%，高血压 1 期和 2 期患病率分别为 29.4%和 19%。吸烟、社会经济地位以及甜饮料、咸加工食品、水果和蔬菜的消费与 T2DM 显著相关。然而，在多变量分析中，只有蔬菜（p < 0.0001）、水果（p = 0.014）、甜饮料（p = 0.042）和咸加工食品（p = 0.005）的消费与 T2DM 仍显著相关。吸烟（p = 0.002）和水果（p < 0.0001）、蔬菜（p < 0.0001）和甜饮料（p = 0.043）的消费与糖尿病前期独立相关，而蔬菜（p = 0.002）和咸加工食品（p = 0.003）的消费与高血压独立相关。
与 T2DM、糖尿病前期和高血压相关的因素是可以改变的。因此，有必要在初级卫生保健和人群层面开展以改变生活方式为目标的干预措施，以应对斯威士兰这些慢性疾病日益加重的负担。
