KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Public Health Program, Touro University California, Vallejo, USA.
Int J Equity Health. 2017 Jul 14;16(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s12939-017-0622-y.
There is a growing concern for an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in people living with HIV. This concern is evident especially in developing countries where dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with NCDs are becoming more prominent. This study explored the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and related risk factors in men and women living with HIV in Cambodia.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 510 adult people living with HIV randomly selected from one city and four provinces in Cambodia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors, medical history, and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Anthropometric and biological measurements were performed. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate proportions and means of the measured variables. An independent Student's t-test was used for continuous variables. Chi square test or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables to explore gender differences.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was 9.4, 15.1, and 33.7%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was significantly higher among men compared to women. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significantly higher among men. Regarding risk factors, 17.3% of participants were overweight, and 4.1% were obese. Tobacco and alcohol use was common, particularly among men. Fruit and vegetable consumption was considerably low among both men and women. Physical activity levels were also low. About 40% of participants reported having a job that involved mostly sitting or standing; 46.3% reported engaging in moderate activities; and 11.8% reported engaging in vigorous activities during leisure time. A significantly higher proportion of men compared to women engaged in vigorous activities both at work and during leisure time.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia among men and women living with HIV in Cambodia is considerably high. Related risk factors were also common. Given the comorbidity of NCDs and HIV, policy and programmatic interventions are required, including integration of NCD screening into HIV programs. Distinctions in the levels of diseases and in health behaviors between men and women suggest that interventions need to be tailor-made and gender-specific, targeting their respective diseases and behaviors.
人们对艾滋病毒感染者中非传染性疾病（NCD）负担日益加重表示关注。在发展中国家，这种担忧尤其明显，因为与 NCD 相关的饮食和生活方式风险因素变得更加突出。本研究旨在探索柬埔寨艾滋病毒感染者中男性和女性糖尿病、高血压和高血脂的患病率及相关危险因素。
本横断面研究在柬埔寨一个城市和四个省随机选择了 510 名成年艾滋病毒感染者进行。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学特征、健康行为、病史和抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的数据。进行人体测量和生物学测量。使用描述性统计计算测量变量的比例和平均值。连续变量采用独立学生 t 检验，分类变量采用卡方检验或 Fisher 确切检验，以探讨性别差异。
糖尿病、高血压和高血脂的患病率分别为 9.4%、15.1%和 33.7%。与女性相比，男性高血脂的患病率显著更高。男性的平均收缩压和舒张压也明显更高。关于危险因素，17.3%的参与者超重，4.1%肥胖。男性中烟草和酒精的使用很常见。男性和女性的水果和蔬菜摄入量都相当低。体力活动水平也较低。约 40%的参与者报告说他们的工作主要是坐着或站着；46.3%报告从事中等强度活动；11.8%报告在闲暇时间从事剧烈活动。与女性相比，男性在工作和闲暇时间从事剧烈活动的比例明显更高。
柬埔寨艾滋病毒感染者中男性和女性的糖尿病、高血压和高血脂患病率相当高。相关危险因素也很常见。鉴于 NCD 和 HIV 的合并症，需要政策和方案干预措施，包括将 NCD 筛查纳入 HIV 方案。男性和女性之间疾病水平和健康行为的差异表明，需要针对各自的疾病和行为，制定有针对性的和特定性别的干预措施。
