Solitary serum methotrexate level 36 hours post high-dose methotrexate: A safe, efficacious, and cost-effective strategy to monitor methotrexate toxicities in childhood leukemia in resource-limited centers.

BACKGROUND

The standard practice during high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to mitigate toxicity is to serially monitor levels till serum MTX < 0.01 μmol/L. Most resource-limited centers lack in-house access to MTX levels, and therefore repeated monitoring is costly and cumbersome. We studied the efficacy and safety of "solitary 36 hours post HD-MTX levels (MTX )."

PROCEDURE

This prospective observational study consecutively enrolled children with ALL receiving HD-MTX. Cycles with unavailable MTX and MTX > 10 μmol/L were excluded. HD-MTX was administered over 24 hours (BFM-2009 protocol) with 12 hours of prehydration. MTX were performed at other centers. Leucovorin was given in six hourly doses 36 hours post HD-MTX. Hydration was continued until the last dose of leucovorin. MTX toxicities, including change of creatinine from baseline at 36 hours (∆Cr ), were noted. Two groups depending on MTX (≤1 μmol/L vs > 1 μmol/L) received six versus eight doses of leucovorin, and toxicities were compared.

RESULTS

Twenty-nine children with median age five years (1-11) who received 100 HD-MTX cycles with a median MTX dose of 3 g/m (2-5) were analyzed. The median MTX level was 1.165 μmol/L (0.1-7.32). Toxicities of HD-MTX (CTCAE-4.0): transaminitis-22%; creatinine elevation ≥ 1.25 times baseline-24%; cytopenias-16%; mucositis-17%; acute kidney injury (AKI)-6%. All toxicities were ≤CTCAE grade 3. Creatinine elevation, AKI, and mucositis were significantly higher in the group with higher MTX . There was no correlation (r = 0.3) between ∆Cr and MTX . MTX was thrice more economical than the standard protocol.

CONCLUSION

MTX is a potential cost-effective, efficacious, and safe limited sample strategy to monitor HD-MTX, particularly in centers where in-house MTX levels are unavailable.