Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36(5):e00113919. doi: 10.1590/0102-311x00113919. Epub 2020 May 8.
This study analyzed the association between the inversion of traditional gender roles and exclusive psychological and physical/sexual intimate partner violence, in a cross-sectional study of Brazilian pregnant women, identified through prenatal services in the municipalities of São Luís, Maranhão State (n = 992) and Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State (n = 943). The pregnant women ranged from 12 to 45 years. Inversion of traditional gender roles was assessed by calculating differences in age, education and occupation between pregnant women and their co-residing intimate partners and identifying the largest contribution to family income. The conceptual model was tested with structural equation modeling and showed acceptable fit. The prevalence of any type of intimate partner violence was 29.8% in São Luís and 20.1% in Ribeirão Preto. In both municipalities, pregnant women were more likely to suffer exclusive psychological and physical/sexual violence when they had the highest income in the family (p < 0.005). In São Luís, physical/sexual violence was more common among women who were better educated than their partners (standardized coefficient, SC = -0.466; p = 0.007). In Ribeirão Preto, exclusive psychological violence was more frequent among women who had lower status occupations than their partners (SC = 0.236; p = 0.004). Inversion of traditional gender roles is associated with exclusive psychological and physical/sexual violence against pregnant women by their co-residing intimate partners. These findings suggest that women's empowerment at an individual level does not necessarily relieve them of intimate partner abuse in social contexts where traditional gender norms persist.
这项研究分析了传统性别角色倒置与专有的心理和身体/性亲密伴侣暴力之间的关联，采用横断面研究方法，在巴西的圣路易斯（马托格罗索州）和累西腓（圣保罗州）的产前服务中确定了 992 名和 943 名孕妇。孕妇年龄在 12 至 45 岁之间。传统性别角色倒置通过计算孕妇与其共同居住的亲密伴侣之间的年龄、教育和职业差异，并确定对家庭收入的最大贡献来评估。概念模型通过结构方程建模进行了测试，结果显示拟合度可接受。在圣路易斯，任何类型的亲密伴侣暴力的患病率为 29.8%，在累西腓为 20.1%。在这两个城市，当家庭中收入最高的是孕妇时，孕妇更有可能遭受专有的心理和身体/性暴力（p<0.005）。在圣路易斯，与伴侣相比受过更好教育的妇女更有可能遭受身体/性暴力（标准化系数，SC=-0.466；p=0.007）。在累西腓，与伴侣相比从事地位较低职业的妇女更有可能遭受专有的心理暴力（SC=0.236；p=0.004）。传统性别角色倒置与共同居住的亲密伴侣对孕妇的专有的心理和身体/性暴力有关。这些发现表明，在传统性别规范仍然存在的社会背景下，个体层面的妇女赋权不一定能使她们免受亲密伴侣的虐待。
