Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Chemosphere. 2020 Sep;255:126932. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126932. Epub 2020 May 5.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential sources of heavy metals in fine air particles (PM) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and isomeric xylenes (BTEX) in gas phase indoor air. PM samples were collected using a low volume sampler. BTEX samples were collected using passive sampling onto sorbent tubes and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the lower and upper floors of the evaluated building, the concentrations of PM were 96.4 ± 2.70 μg/m and 80.2 ± 3.11 μg/m, respectively. The compositions of heavy metals in PM were predominated by iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and aluminum (Al) with concentration of 500 ± 50.07 ng/m, 466 ± 77.38 ng/m, and 422 ± 147.38 ng/m. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the main sources of BTEX were originated from vehicle emissions and exacerbate because of temperature variations. Hazard quotient results for BTEX showed that the compounds were below acceptable limits and thus did not possess potential carcinogenic risks. However, a measured output of lifetime cancer probability revealed that benzene and ethylbenzene posed definite carcinogenic risks. Pollutants that originated from heavy traffic next to the sampling site contributed to the indoor pollution.
本研究旨在调查室内空气细颗粒物（PM）和气相中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX）中重金属的潜在来源。使用小体积采样器采集 PM 样品。使用吸附管进行被动采样采集 BTEX 样品，并使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）进行分析。对于评估建筑物的低层和高层，PM 的浓度分别为 96.4 ± 2.70 μg/m 和 80.2 ± 3.11 μg/m。PM 中重金属的组成主要由铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）和铝（Al）组成，浓度分别为 500 ± 50.07 ng/m、466 ± 77.38 ng/m 和 422 ± 147.38 ng/m。主成分分析（PCA）表明，BTEX 的主要来源是车辆排放，并且由于温度变化而加剧。BTEX 的危害商结果表明，这些化合物低于可接受的限值，因此不具有潜在的致癌风险。然而，终生癌症概率的测量结果表明，苯和乙苯具有明确的致癌风险。采样点附近交通繁忙产生的污染物导致了室内污染。
