Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Environ Int. 2020 Aug;141:105779. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105779. Epub 2020 May 11.
Recent studies reported elevated concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP) near airports. Little is known about the health effects of UFP from aviation. Since UFP can deposit deep into the lungs and other organs, they may cause significant adverse health effects.
We investigated health effects of controlled short-term human exposure to UFP near a major airport.
In this study, 21 healthy non-smoking volunteers (age range: 18-35 years) were repeatedly (2-5 visits) exposed for 5 h to ambient air near Schiphol Airport, while performing intermittent moderate exercise (i.e. cycling). Pre- to post-exposure changes in cardiopulmonary outcomes (spirometry, forced exhaled nitric oxide, electrocardiography and blood pressure) were assessed and related to total- and size-specific particle number concentrations (PNC), using linear mixed effect models.
The PNC was on average 53,500 particles/cm (range 10,500-173,200). A 5-95th percentile increase in exposure to UFP (i.e. 125,400 particles/cm) was associated with a decrease in FVC of -73.8 mL (95% CI -138.8 - -0.4) and a prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval by 9.9 ms (95% CI 2.0 - 19.1). These effects were associated with particles < 20 nm (mainly UFP from aviation), but not with particles > 50 nm (mainly UFP from road traffic).
Short-term exposures to aviation-related UFP near a major airport, was associated with decreased lung function (mainly FVC) and a prolonged QTc interval in healthy volunteers. The effects were relatively small, however, they appeared after single exposures of 5 h in young healthy adults. As this study cannot make any inferences about long-term health impacts, appropriate studies investigating potential health effects of long-term exposure to airport-related UFP, are urgently needed.
最近的研究报告称，机场附近超细颗粒物（UFP）的浓度升高。人们对航空产生的 UFP 的健康影响知之甚少。由于 UFP 可以深入肺部和其他器官沉积，它们可能会导致显著的不良健康影响。
我们研究了在主要机场附近短期暴露于 UFP 对人类健康的影响。
在这项研究中，21 名健康的不吸烟志愿者（年龄范围：18-35 岁）在史基浦机场附近的环境空气中反复（2-5 次）暴露 5 小时，同时进行间歇性剧烈运动（即骑自行车）。评估心肺功能（肺活量测定、用力呼出的一氧化氮、心电图和血压）在暴露前后的变化，并使用线性混合效应模型将其与总颗粒数浓度（PNC）和粒径特异性颗粒数浓度（PNC）相关联。
PNC 的平均水平为 53500 个/厘米（范围为 10500-173200 个/厘米）。暴露于 UFP 的 5-95 百分位数增加（即 125400 个/厘米）与 FVC 下降 73.8 毫升（95%置信区间-138.8 至-0.4）和校正 QT（QTc）间期延长 9.9 毫秒（95%置信区间 2.0 至 19.1）相关。这些影响与<20nm 的颗粒（主要来自航空的 UFP）相关，但与>50nm 的颗粒（主要来自道路交通的 UFP）无关。
在主要机场附近，短期接触与航空有关的 UFP，与健康志愿者的肺功能下降（主要是 FVC）和 QTc 间期延长有关。然而，这些影响相对较小，它们是在年轻健康成年人单次暴露 5 小时后出现的。由于本研究不能对长期健康影响做出任何推断，因此迫切需要进行适当的研究，以调查长期接触机场相关 UFP 的潜在健康影响。
