Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12-Unidade II, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210-Centro, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Aug;27(22):27870-27884. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08998-5. Epub 2020 May 13.
Aedes aegypti is the main mosquito vector of dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever diseases. The low effectiveness of vector control options is mainly related to the increased insect's resistance and to the toxicity of products used for non-target organisms. The development of new environmentally friendly and safer products is imperative. Technical cashew nut shell liquid (tCNSL), mostly composed by cardanol (C), is an abundant by-product of the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) production chain, available at low cost, and with proven larvicidal activity. However, chemical modifications in both tCNSL and cardanol were required to increase their water solubilities. Our objectives were to synthesise and characterise sustainable, low-cost and easy-to-use multiple function products based on tCNSL, cardanol, and the sulphonates obtained from both; and to evaluate all these products efficacy as surfactants, larvicidal, and antimicrobial agents. None of the sulphonates presented antimicrobial and larvicidal activities. tCNSL and cardanol were successfully emulsified with sodium technical cashew nut shell liquid sulphonate (NatCNSLS, complex mixture of surfactants). The emulsions obtained presented larvicidal activity due to the presence of tCNSL and cardanol in their composition. Our results showed that the tCNSL+NatCNSLS mixture emulsion was an effective larvicide and surfactant multiple function product, with high availability and easy-to-use, which can facilitate its large-scale use in different environments. Graphical abstract.
埃及伊蚊是登革热、寨卡、基孔肯雅热和黄热病的主要病媒蚊。病媒控制选项的低效率主要与昆虫的抗药性增加以及对非目标生物的产品毒性有关。开发新的环保和更安全的产品是当务之急。技术腰果壳液（tCNSL）主要由卡诺醇（C）组成，是腰果（Anacardium occidentale L.）生产链的丰富副产物，成本低廉，具有已证明的杀幼虫活性。然而，为了提高其水溶性，需要对 tCNSL 和卡诺醇进行化学修饰。我们的目标是合成和表征基于 tCNSL、卡诺醇和从两者获得的磺酸盐的可持续、低成本且易于使用的多功能产品；并评估所有这些产品作为表面活性剂、杀幼虫剂和抗菌剂的功效。没有一种磺酸盐具有抗菌和杀幼虫活性。tCNSL 和卡诺醇成功地与 技术腰果壳液磺酸钠（NatCNSLS，表面活性剂的复杂混合物）乳化。由于其组成中存在 tCNSL 和卡诺醇，所获得的乳液具有杀幼虫活性。我们的结果表明，tCNSL+NatCNSLS 混合物乳液是一种有效的杀幼虫剂和表面活性剂多功能产品，具有高可用性和易用性，可促进其在不同环境中的大规模使用。图表摘要。
