Finnish Defence Forces, Lappeenranta, Finland (Army Academy).
Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland (Training Division of Defence Command).
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020 Jun 16;33(4):457-466. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01541. Epub 2020 May 11.
This observational follow-up study investigated the associations of nutrition and body composition with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including pro-inflammatory biomarkers, in soldiers during a 6-month deployment.
Thirty-five male soldiers were assessed at months 0, 3 and 6, and their parameters, i.e., M±SD, were as follows: age 30.0±8.7 years, height 179±6 cm, and BMI 24.2±2.5 kg/m. Three-day food diaries were used for monitoring macronutrient intake. Body composition was estimated using bioimpedance. Fasting blood samples for lipids and pro-inflammatory biomarkers were collected, and blood pressure measurements were performed.
Carbohydrate intake increased and protein intake decreased at month 3 (p = 0.034, p < 0.001), while body composition remained stable. Systolic blood pressure increased at month 6, while other CVD risk factors remained within the reference values. Fat mass and body fat percentage were associated positively with total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations at all measurement points. A negative association was found between the change in fiber intake vs. the change in total (r = -0.36, p = 0.033) and LDL cholesterol (r = -0.39, p = 0.019).
Lower fiber intake and a greater amount of body fat were associated with high total and LDL cholesterol concentrations. Nevertheless, the measured CVD risk factors remained within the reference values, except for the higher systolic blood pressure. A regular screening of body composition and a higher consumption of fiberrich foods may promote cardiometabolic health in soldiers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(4):457-66.
本观察性随访研究调查了营养和身体成分与心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的关系，包括促炎生物标志物，在士兵 6 个月部署期间。
35 名男性士兵在 0 个月、3 个月和 6 个月时进行评估，其参数，即 M±SD，如下：年龄 30.0±8.7 岁，身高 179±6 厘米，BMI 24.2±2.5 千克/米。使用三天的食物日记来监测宏量营养素的摄入量。使用生物阻抗法估计身体成分。采集空腹血脂和促炎生物标志物血样，并进行血压测量。
3 个月时碳水化合物摄入量增加，蛋白质摄入量减少（p = 0.034，p < 0.001），而身体成分保持稳定。6 个月时收缩压升高，而其他 CVD 危险因素仍在参考值范围内。脂肪质量和体脂肪百分比与所有测量点的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇浓度呈正相关。膳食纤维摄入量的变化与总胆固醇（r = -0.36，p = 0.033）和 LDL 胆固醇（r = -0.39，p = 0.019）的变化呈负相关。
较低的膳食纤维摄入量和更多的体脂肪与总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇浓度升高有关。然而，除了收缩压升高外，测量的 CVD 危险因素仍在参考值范围内。定期筛查身体成分和增加膳食纤维丰富的食物的摄入可能会促进士兵的心脏代谢健康。国际职业医学与环境卫生杂志。2020；33（4）：457-66。
