Oceans have long been a frontier of opportunity for exploration, scientific understanding, commerce, and trade for the United States. The transformative technologies of the fourth industrial revolution — artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, Internet of Things, biotechnology, advanced materials — are expected to recondition traditional ocean-based industries and enable the growth of new markets prioritizing sustainability. At the nexus of unprecedented environmental change and rapid technology innovation, how should the United States position itself as a leader in the global ocean economy? On February 4 and 5, 2020, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable convened experts to discuss the importance of cross-sector collaboration and the opportunities for U.S. leadership in the context of a changing ocean and a changing ocean economy. This publication highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop.