Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Clin Biochem. 2020 Aug;82:90-98. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.05.002. Epub 2020 May 11.
Laboratory testing for trace and toxic elements is important to diagnose metal toxicity and nutritional deficiency. There are several essential elements that are necessary for biological function and non-essential elements that can pose risk from exposure. Both essential and nonessential elements can be toxic if concentrations exceed a certain threshold.
An aliquot of serum was diluted in a diluent solution, which contained iridium (Ir) as the internal standard, gold (Au), 0.05% Triton X-100, and 1% nitric acid (HNO3). The diluted specimen was aspirated into an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer for quantitative elemental analysis of chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). The sample was introduced into the instrument spray chamber to form aerosol droplets, then atomized and ionized in argon plasma. The ions exited the plasma, passed through the interface of the instrument, then arrived at the entrance of the collision cell where helium gas was introduced to remove polyatomic interferences by kinetic energy discrimination (KED). After exiting the collision cell, the ions were filtered by a quadrupole mass spectrometer.
The analytical measurement range was determined specifically for each element. Imprecision was <20% CV for the lowest limit of quantification for each element and accuracy was within ±15%.
This method was validated for the quantification of seven elements in serum to assess nutritional deficiency and toxicity. The multi-element panel by ICP-MS met the validation criteria for biological monitoring of trace and toxic elements in patient specimens.
痕量和有毒元素的实验室检测对于诊断金属毒性和营养缺乏症非常重要。有几种必需元素是生物功能所必需的，而有些非必需元素暴露后则会带来风险。如果浓度超过一定阈值，必需元素和非必需元素都可能有毒。
将血清等分试样用含有铱 (Ir) 作为内标、金 (Au)、0.05% Triton X-100 和 1% 硝酸 (HNO3) 的稀释剂溶液稀释。将稀释后的标本吸入电感耦合等离子体质谱仪中，对铬 (Cr)、钴 (Co)、铜 (Cu)、锰 (Mn)、镍 (Ni)、硒 (Se) 和锌 (Zn) 进行定量元素分析。将样品引入仪器喷雾室形成气溶胶液滴，然后在氩等离子体中进行原子化和离子化。离子从等离子体中逸出，穿过仪器接口，然后到达碰撞池入口，在该处引入氦气通过动能甄别 (KED) 去除多原子干扰。离开碰撞池后，离子被四极杆质谱仪过滤。
为每个元素专门确定了分析测量范围。对于每个元素的最低定量下限，精密度 <20%CV，准确度在 ±15% 以内。
该方法经过验证，可用于血清中七种元素的定量分析，以评估营养缺乏和毒性。ICP-MS 多元素谱板满足患者标本中痕量和有毒元素生物监测的验证标准。
