School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 1;724:138163. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138163. Epub 2020 Mar 23.
The actors in Chinese operas are exposed to heavy metals through the face paints that they use but the resulting health risks are unknown. We therefore conducted a survey of face paint use by Chinese opera actors and then assayed 91 paint samples of various paint brands and colors for their contents of eight heavy metals. The potential health risks of heavy metal exposure due to face paint use were determined as well. The average concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 1.8, 0.6, 4.4, 23.1, 610, 7.6, 16.2, and 10,415 μg/g, respectively, and at least four of the eight elements were detected in all samples. Samples from the most frequently paint brands were the most highly contaminated, especially with Zn, whose mass contribution was extremely high (18.3%). Moreover, contamination of the paint was color-specific, with significantly higher heavy metal levels in brown (As, Cr, and Ni), black (Co and Zn), red (Pb), and green (Cu) paints. The total carcinogenic risk posed by the metals in 25 paint samples ranged between 0.01% and 0.96%, with the highest risk that of Cr. Thus, lifetime exposure to Cr-containing paints would result in a high probability of the actor developing cancer. The findings of our study highlight the need for Chinese regulations addressing the heavy metals in face paints, especially Cr. Capsule: Chinese opera actors have a high probability of developing cancer due to a lifetime exposure to high levels of heavy metals in their face paints.
中国戏剧演员通过使用的脸谱涂料接触重金属，但由此产生的健康风险尚不清楚。因此，我们对中国戏剧演员使用脸谱涂料的情况进行了调查，然后对 91 个不同品牌和颜色的涂料样品进行了八种重金属含量检测。同时，还确定了由于使用脸谱涂料而导致重金属暴露的潜在健康风险。砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、镍、铅和锌的平均浓度分别为 1.8、0.6、4.4、23.1、610、7.6、16.2 和 10415μg/g，所有样品中至少有四种元素被检测到。最常使用的品牌的样本污染最严重，尤其是锌，其质量贡献极高（18.3%）。此外，涂料的污染具有颜色特异性，棕色（砷、铬和镍）、黑色（钴和锌）、红色（铅）和绿色（铜）涂料中的重金属含量明显较高。25 个涂料样品中的金属总致癌风险在 0.01%至 0.96%之间，其中铬的风险最高。因此，演员一生接触含铬涂料，极有可能患上癌症。我们的研究结果强调了中国需要制定有关脸谱涂料中重金属的规定，特别是针对铬。
