Epidemiological Profile of Health and Behaviors in Middle Childhood.

OBJECTIVES

In this study, we present an epidemiological profile of middle childhood (children aged 6-11 years) using the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health.

METHODS

We used data from the 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children's Health, a national cross-sectional, address-based survey administered annually. The study sample included 21 539 children aged 6 to 11 years. Survey items chosen to create this profile of middle childhood described sociodemographic and family characteristics, health status, and behaviors. Weighted descriptive and bivariate analyses were applied to examine the population and differences by subgroups.

RESULTS

Most children aged 6 to 11 years were in excellent or very good physical health (89%) and oral health (73%). More than 20% were considered to have special health care needs, and 20% had at least 2 health conditions. Allergies and asthma were the most prevalent physical conditions, whereas attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral or conduct problems were the most prevalent of emotional, behavioral, and/or developmental disorders. More than half of children participated in sports or other activities for at least 60 minutes per day, whereas more than one-third of children had ≥4 hours of parent-reported screen time per day, and nearly two-thirds received ≥9 hours of sleep per night. We found several significant differences in screen time and activity behaviors as children aged and by sex.

CONCLUSIONS

The middle-childhood population is generally healthy, yet several patterns observed with respect to age and sex indicate a need to examine the emergence and progression of select health-risk behaviors. In this study, we highlight opportunities to implement targeted interventions at earlier ages and different points along the life course.