Baron Marie, Fletcher Christopher, Riva Mylène
VITAM Centre de Recherche en Santé Durable, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Bureau G-2316, Québec, QC, G1J 0A4, Canada.
Faculté de Sciences Infirmières, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2020 Jun;35(2):133-153. doi: 10.1007/s10823-020-09398-5.
This paper explores perspectives of Inuit elders on the relationships between aging, health and place. Their views are important to consider in the context of a growing proportion and number of older people in Arctic communities, a new sociological condition. Developing policies and programs to promote healthy aging in Inuit communities is challenging as there is little known about the social and living conditions that promote healthy aging in the Arctic. In this study twenty Inuit aged between 50 to 86, from one community in Nunavut, participated to in-depth qualitative interviews. Themes discussed included aging and health, housing conditions, community conditions, land-based activities, medical and leisure travel outside of the community, and mobility and accessibility. Preliminary analyses of the qualitative data were validated in the community through a focus group with four participants and an interpreter. Interviews and the focus group transcripts were analysed using thematic content analyses and NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis program (QSR International Pty Ltd. 2017). Participants reported that spending time with children, having social support, living in houses adapted to aging health conditions, having access to community activities and services, and time spent on the land were the main resources supporting their health. Several factors limited the availability of these resources. These include: lack of accessibility to resources; structural factors impacting their availability; and natural and social changes in interpersonal relationships. Participants also stressed the importance of being able to grow old in their own community. Knowledge generated in this project contributes to policies and programs targeting housing and community conditions to support healthy aging, and aging in place, in Inuit Nunangat.
本文探讨了因纽特族长者对衰老、健康与居住环境之间关系的看法。在北极社区，老年人的比例和数量不断增加，这是一种新的社会状况，在此背景下考虑他们的观点非常重要。由于对促进北极地区健康老龄化的社会和生活条件知之甚少，因此制定促进因纽特族社区健康老龄化的政策和项目具有挑战性。在这项研究中，来自努纳武特地区一个社区的20名年龄在50至86岁之间的因纽特人参与了深入的定性访谈。讨论的主题包括衰老与健康、住房条件、社区条件、陆上活动、社区外的医疗和休闲旅行，以及出行便利性。定性数据的初步分析通过与四名参与者和一名口译员组成的焦点小组在社区中得到了验证。使用主题内容分析法和NVivo 12定性数据分析程序（QSR国际私人有限公司，2017年）对访谈和焦点小组记录进行了分析。参与者报告称，与子女共度时光、获得社会支持、居住在适合衰老健康状况的房屋中、参与社区活动和服务，以及在陆地上度过的时间是支持他们健康的主要资源。有几个因素限制了这些资源的可获得性。这些因素包括：资源获取不便；影响资源可获得性的结构因素；以及人际关系中的自然和社会变化。参与者还强调了能够在自己的社区中养老的重要性。该项目产生的知识有助于制定针对住房和社区条件的政策和项目，以支持因纽特努纳加特地区的健康老龄化和就地养老。
