Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2020 May 14;192(6):364. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08305-2.
Surface mining activities, despite their benefits, lead to the deterioration of local and regional environmental quality and play a role in global ecosystem pollution. This research aimed to estimate the culturable microbial population structure at five locations near the opencast coal mine "Kakanj" (Bosnia and Herzegovina) via agar plate and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) method and to establish its relationship to the physical and chemical properties of soil. Using the ICP-OES method, the heavy metal pollution of all examined locations (overburden, former grass yard, forest, arable soil, and greenhouse) was observed. Substantial variations among the sites regarding the most expressed indicators of heavy metal pollution were noted; Cr, Pb, Ni, and Cu content ranged from 63.17 to 524.47, 20.57 to 349.47, 139.13 to 2785.67, and 25.97 to 458.73 mg/kg, respectively. In the overburden sample, considerable low microbial activity was detected; the bacterial count was approximately 6- to 18-fold lower in comparison with the other samples. PLFA analysis showed the reduction of microbial diversity, reflected through the prevalence of normal and branched saturated fatty acids, their ratio (ranged from 0.92 to 7.13), and the absence of fungal marker 18:2ω6 fatty acid. The principal component analysis showed a strong negative impact of heavy metals Na and B on main microbial and PLFA profiles. In contrast, stock of main chemical parameters, including Ca, K, Fe, and pH, was positively correlated with the microbial community structure.
露天采矿活动虽然有其好处，但会导致当地和区域环境质量恶化，并在全球生态系统污染中发挥作用。本研究旨在通过琼脂平板和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）方法估计“Kakanj”露天煤矿（波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那）附近五个地点可培养微生物种群结构，并确定其与土壤理化性质的关系。使用 ICP-OES 方法，观察了所有检查地点（表土、前草坪、森林、耕地和温室）的重金属污染。在重金属污染最明显的指标方面，各地点之间存在显著差异；Cr、Pb、Ni 和 Cu 的含量范围分别为 63.17 至 524.47、20.57 至 349.47、139.13 至 2785.67 和 25.97 至 458.73 mg/kg。在表土样本中，检测到微生物活性显著降低；与其他样本相比，细菌数量约低 6-18 倍。PLFA 分析显示微生物多样性减少，反映在正常和支链饱和脂肪酸的流行、它们的比例（范围从 0.92 到 7.13）以及真菌标记物 18:2ω6 脂肪酸的缺失。主成分分析表明，重金属 Na 和 B 对主要微生物和 PLFA 图谱有强烈的负面影响。相比之下，主要化学参数（包括 Ca、K、Fe 和 pH）的库存与微生物群落结构呈正相关。
