Machizawa Maro G, Lisi Giuseppe, Kanayama Noriaki, Mizuochi Ryohei, Makita Kai, Sasaoka Takafumi, Yamawaki Shigeto
Center for Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
J Neural Eng. 2020 Jun 29;17(3):036011. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab93b4.
Multiple facets of human emotion underlie diverse and sparse neural mechanisms. Among the many existing models of emotion, the two-dimensional circumplex model of emotion is an important theory. The use of the circumplex model allows us to model variable aspects of emotion; however, such momentary expressions of one's internal mental state still lacks a notion of the third dimension of time. Here, we report an exploratory attempt to build a three-axis model of human emotion to model our sense of anticipatory excitement, 'Waku-Waku' (in Japanese), in which people predictively code upcoming emotional events.
Electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from 28 young adult participants while they mentalized upcoming emotional pictures. Three auditory tones were used as indicative cues, predicting the likelihood of the valence of an upcoming picture: positive, negative, or unknown. While seeing an image, the participants judged its emotional valence during the task and subsequently rated their subjective experiences on valence, arousal, expectation, and Waku-Waku immediately after the experiment. The collected EEG data were then analyzed to identify contributory neural signatures for each of the three axes.
A three-axis model was built to quantify Waku-Waku. As expected, this model revealed the considerable contribution of the third dimension over the classical two-dimensional model. Distinctive EEG components were identified. Furthermore, a novel brain-emotion interface was proposed and validated within the scope of limitations.
The proposed notion may shed new light on the theories of emotion and support multiplex dimensions of emotion. With the introduction of the cognitive domain for a brain-computer interface, we propose a novel brain-emotion interface. Limitations of the study and potential applications of this interface are discussed.
人类情感的多个方面由多样且分散的神经机制构成。在众多现有的情感模型中，二维情感环形模型是一个重要理论。使用环形模型能让我们对情感的可变方面进行建模；然而，这种对个体内部心理状态的瞬间表达仍缺乏时间这一第三维度的概念。在此，我们报告一项探索性尝试，即构建一个人类情感的三轴模型，以对我们预期兴奋感（日语中的“ワクワク”）进行建模，在这种状态下人们对即将发生的情感事件进行预测性编码。
从28名年轻成年参与者身上记录脑电图（EEG）数据，同时他们想象即将出现的情感图片。使用三种听觉音调作为指示线索，预测即将出现图片的效价可能性：积极、消极或未知。在观看图片时，参与者在任务过程中判断其情感效价，随后在实验结束后立即对他们在效价、唤醒、期望和“ワクワク”方面的主观体验进行评分。然后对收集到的EEG数据进行分析，以确定三个轴各自的神经贡献特征。
构建了一个三轴模型来量化“ワクワク”。正如预期的那样，该模型显示出第三维度相对于经典二维模型有相当大的贡献。识别出了独特的EEG成分。此外，在局限性范围内提出并验证了一种新型脑 - 情感接口。
所提出的概念可能为情感理论带来新的启示，并支持情感的多维度。随着为脑机接口引入认知领域，我们提出了一种新型脑 - 情感接口。讨论了该研究的局限性以及此接口的潜在应用。
