Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 599, State University, AR 72467, United States.
Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 599, State University, AR 72467, United States.
Vet Parasitol. 2020 Jun;282:109105. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109105. Epub 2020 May 1.
The nematode Dirofilaria immitis causes serious disease of canines in the United States. Transmitted by a variety of mosquito species, several studies have examined the prevalence of D. immitis in mosquitoes. However, no prevalence studies have focused on diurnal mosquitoes that could potentially enter homes. Mosquitoes were collected under doorway awnings at four residences to identify the diurnal blood-feeding mosquito species and prevalence of potential vectors harboring D. immitis in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Mosquitoes were collected from May to December 2016 using pheromone traps and aerial nets. Each mosquito was individually dissected and observed for larvae in the head, thorax, and abdomen to identify infective and non-infective larvae. Ten mosquito species from five genera were identified. Larvae, presumed to be D. immitis, were observed in five mosquito species, including Aedes albopictus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Culiseta inornata, and Psorophora columbiae and four genera, including Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Culiseta spp., and Psorophora spp. The diurnal mosquito, Ae. albopictus composed 3.4% of the total mosquitoes collected. An. quadrimaculatus and Anopheles spp. were the most abundant mosquitoes, composing 59.7 and 19.6% of the total mosquitoes collected, respectively. Of the 536 mosquitoes dissected, 60 (11.2%) were observed with D. immitis, and 33 (55.0%) of the heartworm-positive mosquitoes harbored infective (L) larvae in the head or proboscis upon dissection. The high proportion of infective D. immitis larvae found in the mosquitoes aggregating under doorway awnings may increase the exposure of indoor dogs and cats to heartworm disease in northeast Arkansas.
犬恶丝虫（Dirofilaria immitis）可导致美国犬类罹患严重疾病。该寄生虫通过多种蚊虫传播，已有多项研究调查了蚊群中犬恶丝虫的流行情况。然而，目前尚无研究关注可能进入家庭的昼行性蚊虫。本研究于 2016 年 5 月至 12 月在阿肯色州琼斯博罗的 4 户住宅的门道遮阳篷下收集蚊虫，以确定昼行性吸血蚊种和携带犬恶丝虫潜在传播媒介的流行情况。使用信息素诱捕器和航空网收集蚊虫。逐个解剖每只蚊虫，观察头部、胸部和腹部的幼虫，以确定感染性和非感染性幼虫。共鉴定出 5 个属的 10 种蚊虫。在 5 种蚊虫中观察到幼虫，推测为犬恶丝虫，包括白纹伊蚊（Aedes albopictus）、四斑按蚊（Anopheles quadrimaculatus）、库蚊（Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus）、库蚊（Culiseta inornata）和斑虻（Psorophora columbiae）以及 4 个属，包括按蚊属（Anopheles spp.）、库蚊属（Culex spp.）、库蚊属（Culiseta spp.）和斑虻属（Psorophora spp.）。昼行性蚊虫白纹伊蚊占总收集蚊虫的 3.4%。四斑按蚊和按蚊属蚊虫是最丰富的，分别占总收集蚊虫的 59.7%和 19.6%。在解剖的 536 只蚊虫中，有 60 只（11.2%）观察到犬恶丝虫，33 只（55.0%）心丝虫阳性蚊虫的头部或喙中存在感染性（L）幼虫。在门道遮阳篷下聚集的蚊虫中发现的犬恶丝虫感染性幼虫比例较高，可能会增加阿肯色州东北部室内犬猫感染心丝虫病的风险。
