College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
Texas A&M School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
J Community Health. 2021 Feb;46(1):211-224. doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00846-4.
Bicycling holds promise as a healthy and sustainable means of transportation and physical activity. Despite the growing interest in community-based environmental approaches to promoting physical activity, bikeability has received relatively little attention. This paper provides a scoping review of the instruments developed to measure bikeability along with practice-based analyses of the tools related to user expertise, estimated cost, and required time to implement. The review summarizes the literature, identifies research gaps, and informs stakeholders with articles from EBSCO and transportation databases published after 2003 when the previous bikeability instrument review paper was published. Data extraction included the tool name, data collection method, study location, data collection scale, type of measure, and description. Two reviewers independently reviewed articles included in the full text review, and the inter-rater agreement exceeded 90%. The database search yielded 388 unique articles, and 17 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Most of the studies, 11 of 17, were applied to settings outside of the U.S. Five studies employed a self-report survey, and five studies examined bikeability using geospatial data, like GIS. Seven studies used a direct observation audit tool-one specifically using a mobile app and another using virtual observation techniques with Google Street View. Bikeability tools are useful for assessing communities and their supports for bicycling. Our primary finding is that advances in technology over the past two decades have driven innovative and useful methodologies, in a variety of disciplines, for assessing the environment, but more consensus is needed to provide a universal definition of bikeability.
骑自行车作为一种健康且可持续的交通和体育活动方式具有广阔的发展前景。尽管社区环境方法在促进体育活动方面越来越受到关注,但自行车出行能力却相对较少受到关注。本文对用于衡量自行车出行能力的工具进行了范围界定综述,并对与用户专业知识、估计成本和实施所需时间相关的工具进行了基于实践的分析。该综述总结了文献,确定了研究空白,并为利益相关者提供了 EBSCO 和交通数据库中 2003 年(上一次自行车出行能力工具综述论文发表后)发表的文章,以告知他们相关信息。数据提取包括工具名称、数据收集方法、研究地点、数据收集规模、测量类型和描述。两名审阅者独立审查全文审查中包含的文章,并且评分者间的一致性超过 90%。数据库搜索产生了 388 篇独特的文章,其中 17 篇符合纳入/排除标准。17 项研究中有 11 项在美国以外的环境中进行。五项研究采用了自我报告调查,五项研究使用了 GIS 等地理空间数据来检查自行车出行能力。有七项研究使用了直接观察审计工具——其中一项专门使用移动应用程序,另一项则使用 Google 街景的虚拟观察技术。自行车出行能力工具可用于评估社区及其对自行车出行的支持。我们的主要发现是,过去二十年中的技术进步推动了各种学科中评估环境的创新和有用方法,但需要更多共识来提供自行车出行能力的通用定义。