Horacek Tanya M, Dede Yildirim E, Kattelmann K, Brown O, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Colby S, Greene G, Hoerr S, Kidd T, Koenings M M, Morrell J, Olfert M D, Phillips B, Shelnutt K, White A
1 Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
2 Department of Child and Family Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2018 Mar;32(3):578-586. doi: 10.1177/0890117116666357. Epub 2016 Sep 13.
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the walkability/bikeability of college campuses and students' body mass index (BMI) with student physical activity (PA) attitudes and behaviors as potential mediators.
Cross-sectional.
Thirteen university campuses.
A total of 1384 student participants.
Walkability/bikeability environmental score (ES): 12-item audit assessed an average of 44 path segments per campus. Students were measured for height and weight and completed online surveys. Physical activity stage of change/behavior intentions were assessed using the transtheoretical model. The Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed outcome expectations, self-regulation, and personal barriers. International Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed walking-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity PA.
Descriptive statistics, zero-order correlations, and path analysis with maximum likelihood estimation.
The overall model fit was good with χ of 171.388 ( df = 18), P < .001, comparative fit index value of .95, and a root mean square of approximation of .079. After controlling for gender, there was a direct negative association between walkability/bikeability ES and BMI (β = -.085) and positive association between personal barriers and BMI (β = .134). Walkability/bikeability ES was positively associated with walking-intensity PA (β = .010). Self-regulation was positively associated with moderate-intensity PA (β = .213), which, in turn, was negatively associated with BMI (β = -.057).
The ease of walking and biking on a campus was related to college students' walking behavior and their BMI. Students' PA behavioral intentions were associated with moderate PA and lower BMI. These results provide evidence to focus on policies and structural supports for walkable/bikeable environments to supplement and enhance interventions encouraging individual behavior change for PA and weight management.
本研究旨在评估大学校园的步行便利性/骑行便利性与学生体重指数（BMI）之间的关系，并将学生的身体活动（PA）态度和行为作为潜在中介因素。
横断面研究。
13所大学校园。
共1384名学生参与者。
步行便利性/骑行便利性环境评分（ES）：采用12项审核，每个校园平均评估44条路径段。测量学生的身高和体重，并完成在线调查。使用跨理论模型评估身体活动的变化阶段/行为意图。认知行为身体活动问卷评估结果期望、自我调节和个人障碍。国际身体活动问卷评估步行、中等强度和剧烈强度的身体活动。
描述性统计、零阶相关性以及采用最大似然估计的路径分析。
整体模型拟合良好，χ值为171.388（自由度=18），P<.001，比较拟合指数值为.95，近似均方根为.079。在控制性别后，步行便利性/骑行便利性ES与BMI之间存在直接负相关（β = -.085），个人障碍与BMI之间存在正相关（β = .134）。步行便利性/骑行便利性ES与步行强度的身体活动呈正相关（β = .010）。自我调节与中等强度的身体活动呈正相关（β = .213），而中等强度的身体活动又与BMI呈负相关（β = -.057）。
校园内步行和骑行的便利性与大学生的步行行为及其BMI有关。学生的身体活动行为意图与中等强度的身体活动和较低的BMI相关。这些结果为关注可步行/可骑行环境的政策和结构支持提供了证据，以补充和加强鼓励个人行为改变以促进身体活动和体重管理的干预措施。
